*               Today in Black History - April 3                *

1865 - The Fifth Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and units of the Twenty-
        fifth Corps are in the vanguard of Union troops entering
        Richmond. The Second Division of the Twenty-Fifth Corps help to
        chase Robert E. Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox Court
        House, April 3-10. The African American division and white Union
        soldiers are advancing on General Lee's trapped army with fixed
        bayonets when the Confederate troops surrender.

1889 - Savings Bank of the Order of True Reformers opens in Richmond,
        Virginia.

1934 - Richard Mayhew is born in Amityville, New York.  A student at
        the Art Students League, Brooklyn Museum Art School, and
        Columbia University, as well as the Academia in Florence,
        Italy, Mayhew will be one of the most respected and
        revolutionary landscape artists of the 20th century.  He will
        also form Spiral, a forum for artistic innovation and
        exploration of African American artists' relationships to the
        civil rights movement, with fellow artists Romare Bearden,
        Charles Alston Hale Woodruff, and others.

1944 - The U.S. Supreme Court (Smith v. Allwright) said that "white
        primaries" that exclude African Americans are unconstitutional.

1950 - Carter G. Woodson, "the father of black history," dies in
        Washington, DC at the age of 74.

1961 - Eddie Murphy is born in Brooklyn, New York.  A stand-up
        comedian and star of "Saturday Night Live" before pursuing
        a movie career, Murphy will be the largest African American
        box office draw.  Among his most successful movies will be
        "48 Hours," "Trading Places," "Beverly Hills Cop," "Coming
        to America," and "Harlem Nights."

1963 - Led by Martin Luther King, Jr., the Birmingham anti-
        segregation campaign begins.  Before it is over, more than
        2,000 demonstrators, including King, will be arrested. The
        Birmingham Manifesto, issued by Fred Shuttlesworth of the
        Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights the morning of
        the campaign, summarizes the frustration and hopes of the
        protesters: "The patience of an oppressed people cannot
        endure forever.... This is Birmingham's moment of truth in
        which every citizen can play his part in her larger destiny."

1964 - Malcolm X speaks at a CORE-sponsored meeting on "The Negro
        Revolt-What Comes Next?"  In his speech "The Ballot or
        Bullet," Malcolm warns of a growing black nationalism that
        will no longer tolerate patronizing white political action.

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        The source for these facts are "Encyclopedia Britannica,
        "InfoBeat," "I, Too, Sing America - The African American
        Book of Days," and independent research by the
        Information Man.
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