* Today in Black History - April 3 * 1865 - The Fifth Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and units of the Twenty- fifth Corps are in the vanguard of Union troops entering Richmond. The Second Division of the Twenty-Fifth Corps help to chase Robert E. Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox Court House, April 3-10. The African American division and white Union soldiers are advancing on General Lee's trapped army with fixed bayonets when the Confederate troops surrender. 1889 - Savings Bank of the Order of True Reformers opens in Richmond, Virginia. 1934 - Richard Mayhew is born in Amityville, New York. A student at the Art Students League, Brooklyn Museum Art School, and Columbia University, as well as the Academia in Florence, Italy, Mayhew will be one of the most respected and revolutionary landscape artists of the 20th century. He will also form Spiral, a forum for artistic innovation and exploration of African American artists' relationships to the civil rights movement, with fellow artists Romare Bearden, Charles Alston Hale Woodruff, and others. 1944 - The U.S. Supreme Court (Smith v. Allwright) said that "white primaries" that exclude African Americans are unconstitutional. 1950 - Carter G. Woodson, "the father of black history," dies in Washington, DC at the age of 74. 1961 - Eddie Murphy is born in Brooklyn, New York. A stand-up comedian and star of "Saturday Night Live" before pursuing a movie career, Murphy will be the largest African American box office draw. Among his most successful movies will be "48 Hours," "Trading Places," "Beverly Hills Cop," "Coming to America," and "Harlem Nights." 1963 - Led by Martin Luther King, Jr., the Birmingham anti- segregation campaign begins. Before it is over, more than 2,000 demonstrators, including King, will be arrested. The Birmingham Manifesto, issued by Fred Shuttlesworth of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights the morning of the campaign, summarizes the frustration and hopes of the protesters: "The patience of an oppressed people cannot endure forever.... This is Birmingham's moment of truth in which every citizen can play his part in her larger destiny." 1964 - Malcolm X speaks at a CORE-sponsored meeting on "The Negro Revolt-What Comes Next?" In his speech "The Ballot or Bullet," Malcolm warns of a growing black nationalism that will no longer tolerate patronizing white political action. ******************************************************** The source for these facts are "Encyclopedia Britannica, "InfoBeat," "I, Too, Sing America - The African American Book of Days," and independent research by the Information Man. ******************************************************** ______________________________________________________________ Munirah Chronicle is edited by Brother Mosi Hoj "The TRUTH shall make you free" E-mail: <[log in to unmask]> Archives: <http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/archives/Munirah.html> ______________________________________________________________ To SUBSCRIBE send E-mail to: <[log in to unmask]> In the E-mail body place: Subscribe Munirah Your FULL Name ______________________________________________________________ Munirah(TM) is a trademark of Information Man. Copyright 1998, All Rights Reserved by the Information Man in association with CODE One Communications.