* Today in Black History - April 3 *
1865 - The Fifth Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and units of the
Twenty-fifth Corps are in the vanguard of Union troops
entering Richmond. The Second Division of the Twenty-Fifth
Corps help to chase Robert E. Lee's army from Petersburg to
Appomattox Court House, April 3-10. The African American
division and white Union soldiers are advancing on General
Lee's trapped army with fixed bayonets when the Confederate
troops surrender.
1889 - The Savings Bank of the Order of True Reformers opens in
Richmond, Virginia.
1934 - Richard Mayhew is born in Amityville, New York. A student at
the Art Students League, Brooklyn Museum Art School, and
Columbia University, as well as the Academia in Florence,
Italy, Mayhew will be one of the most respected and
revolutionary landscape artists of the 20th century. He will
also form "Spiral," a forum for artistic innovation and
exploration of African American artists' relationships to the
civil rights movement, with fellow artists Romare Bearden,
Charles Alston, Hale Woodruff, and others.
1936 - James Harrell McGriff is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
He will be surrounded by music as a child, with both parents
playing piano and cousins Benny Golson and Harold Melvin, who
were pursuing their own musical talents. He will be influenced
to play the organ by neighbor Richard "Groove" Holmes, with
whom he will study privately. He will also study organ at
Philadelphia's Combe College of Music and at Julliard. In
addition, he will study with Milt Buckner and with classical
organist Sonny Gatewood. His first hit will be with his
arrangement of "I Got A Woman", on the Sue label, which made
it to the top five on both Billboard's Rhythm and Blues and Pop
charts. There will be close to 100 albums with Jimmy McGriff's
name at the top as leader. He will record for Sue, Solid
State, United Artists, Blue Note, Groove Merchant, Milestone,
Headfirst and Telarc. Over his prolific career, he will record
with George Benson, Kenny Burrell, Frank Foster, J.J. Johnson
and a two-organ jam affair with the late "Groove" Holmes.
1944 - The U.S. Supreme Court (Smith v. Allwright) said that "white
primaries" that exclude African Americans are unconstitutional.
1950 - Carter G. Woodson, "the father of black history," joins the
ancestors in Washington, DC at the age of 74.
1961 - Edward "Eddie" Regan Murphy is born in Brooklyn, New York. A
stand-up comedian and star of "Saturday Night Live" before
pursuing a movie career, Murphy will become one of the largest
African American box office draws. Among his most successful
movies will be "48 Hours," "Trading Places," "Beverly Hills
Cop," "Coming to America," and "Harlem Nights."
1963 - Led by Martin Luther King, Jr., the Birmingham anti-segregation
campaign begins. Before it is over, more than 2,000
demonstrators, including King, will be arrested. The Birmingham
Manifesto, issued by Fred Shuttlesworth of the Alabama
Christian Movement for Human Rights the morning of the campaign,
summarizes the frustration and hopes of the protesters: "The
patience of an oppressed people cannot endure forever.... This
is Birmingham's moment of truth in which every citizen can play
his part in her larger destiny."
1964 - Malcolm X speaks at a CORE-sponsored meeting on "The Negro Revolt
What Comes Next?" In his speech "The Ballot or Bullet," Malcolm
warns of a growing black nationalism that will no longer
tolerate patronizing white political action.
1968 - Less than 24 hours before he is assassinated in Memphis,
Tennessee, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivers
his famous "mountaintop" speech to a rally of striking
sanitation workers.
1990 - Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan joins the ancestors in suburban Los
Angeles, California, at the age of 66.
1996 - An Air Force jetliner carrying Commerce Secretary Ron Brown and
American business executives crashes in Croatia, killing all 35
people aboard.
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