* Today in Black History - October 20 *
1895 - Rex Ingram is born near Cairo, Illinois. He will attend
medical school and earn a Phi Beta Kappa key but forsake
medicine for the stage, becoming a powerful actor on the
stage and screen, most notably as "De Lawd" in the 1936 film
"The Green Pastures." He will also appear in "Cabin in the
Sky" and "Anna Lucasta."
1898 - North Carolina Mutual Life and Provident Association is
organized by seven African Americans: John Merrick, Dr. Aaron
M. Moore, P.W. Dawkins, D.T. Watson, W.G. Pearson, E.A.
Johnson, and James E. Shepard. Each invests $50 in the
company, which will grow to become North Carolina Mutual Life
Insurance Company and have over $211 million in assets and
over $8 billion of insurance in force by 1991.
1924 - The "First Colored World Series" of baseball is held in Kansas
City, Missouri. The series, which pits the Kansas City
Monarchs against the Hillsdale team from Darby, Pennsylvania,
is won by the Monarchs, five games to four, and was organized
by Rube Foster.
1932 - Roosevelt Brown is born in Charlottesville, Virginia. He will
become a football star at Morgan State College in Baltimore,
Maryland, and will be drafted in the 27th round by the New York
Giants in 1953. Over his career he will be All-NFL for eight
straight years (1956-1963), play in nine Pro Bowl games, and
named NFL's Lineman of Year (1956). He will play for the Giants
for 13 seasons and will be elected to the NFL Hall of Fame in
1975.
1942 - Sixty leading southern African Americans issued the "Durham
Manifesto", calling for fundamental changes in race relations
after a Durham, North Carolina, meeting.
1952 - The Mau Mau uprising against British rule in Kenya begins, with
attacks against both British settlers and Africans who refused
to join the rebellion. Although British rule is widely resented
in Kenya, the Mau Mau fighters are mostly members of the Kikuyu
ethnic group, whose land had been taken over by British settlers.
The British will respond harshly to the rebellion, killing nearly
11,000 rebels and confining 80,000 Kikuyus in detention camps.
Although it will be a military failure, the Mau Mau rebellion will
bring international attention to the Africans' grievances, and
contribute to Kenya's independence in 1963.
1953 - Jomo Kenyatta and five other Mau Mau leaders are refused an
appeal of their prison terms in British East Africa (Kenya).
Members of the Mau Mau guerilla troops all took an oath to
commit themselves to expelling all white settlers in Kenya
and to eliminate the Africans who cooperated with or benefited
from colonial rule.
1963 - Jim Brown, of the Cleveland Browns, sets the then NFL all-time
rushing record, 8,390 yds.
1963 - South Africa begins the trial of Nelson Mandela & eight others
on charges of conspiracy.
1967 - An all-white federal jury in Meridian, Mississippi convicts 7
white men in the murder of 3 civil rights workers. They are
convicted of civil rights' violations.
1968 - Elder Lightfoot Solomon Michaux, joins the ancestors at the age
of 84. His church services were broadcast weekly, first on
radio, then on television. The theme song of his broadcasts
was "Happy am I, I'm always happy!"
1976 - New York Nets' (ABA), Julius "Dr. J" Erving is sold to the
Philadelphia 76ers. This will be the beginning of his All-Star
career in the NBA.
1989 - The Senate convicts U.S. District Judge Alcee L. Hastings of
perjury and conspiracy and removed him from office. The
conviction will be overturned and Hastings is later elected to
the House of Representatives.
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