* Today in Black History - April 3 *
1865 - The Fifth Massachusetts Colored Cavalry and units of the Twenty-
fifth Corps are in the vanguard of Union troops entering Richmond.
The Second Division of the Twenty-Fifth Corps help to chase Robert
E. Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox Court House, April 3-10.
The African American division and white Union soldiers are advancing
on General Lee's trapped army with fixed bayonets when the
Confederate troops surrender.
1889 - The Savings Bank of the Order of True Reformers opens in
Richmond, Virginia.
1934 - Richard Mayhew is born in Amityville, New York. A student at
the Art Students League, Brooklyn Museum Art School, and
Columbia University, as well as the Academia in Florence,
Italy, Mayhew will be one of the most respected and
revolutionary landscape artists of the 20th century. He will
also form "Spiral," a forum for artistic innovation and
exploration of African American artists' relationships to the
civil rights movement, with fellow artists Romare Bearden,
Charles Alston, Hale Woodruff, and others.
1936 - James Harrell McGriff is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He
will be surrounded by music as a child, with both parents playing
piano and cousins Benny Golson and Harold Melvin, who were pursuing
their own musical talents. He will be influenced to play the organ
by neighbor Richard "Groove" Holmes, with whom he will study
privately. He will also study organ at Philadelphia's Combe College
of Music and at Julliard. In addition, he will study with Milt
Buckner and with classical organist Sonny Gatewood. His first hit
will be with his arrangement of "I Got A Woman", on the Sue label,
which made it to the top five on both Billboard's Rhythm and Blues
and Pop charts. There will be close to 100 albums with Jimmy
McGriff's name at the top as leader. He will record for Sue, Solid
State, United Artists, Blue Note, Groove Merchant, Milestone,
Headfirst and Telarc. Over his prolific career, he will record with
George Benson, Kenny Burrell, Frank Foster, J.J. Johnson and a two-
organ jam affair with the late "Groove" Holmes.
1944 - The U.S. Supreme Court (Smith v. Allwright) said that "white
primaries" that exclude African Americans are unconstitutional.
1950 - Carter G. Woodson, "the father of black history," joins the
ancestors in Washington, DC at the age of 74.
1961 - Eddie Murphy is born in Brooklyn, New York. A stand-up comedian
and star of "Saturday Night Live" before pursuing a movie career,
Murphy will become one of the largest African American box office
draws. Among his most successful movies will be "48 Hours,"
"Trading Places," "Beverly Hills Cop," "Coming to America," and
"Harlem Nights."
1963 - Led by Martin Luther King, Jr., the Birmingham anti-segregation
campaign begins. Before it is over, more than 2,000 demonstrators,
including King, will be arrested. The Birmingham Manifesto, issued
by Fred Shuttlesworth of the Alabama Christian Movement for Human
Rights the morning of the campaign, summarizes the frustration and
hopes of the protesters: "The patience of an oppressed people
cannot endure forever.... This is Birmingham's moment of truth in
which every citizen can play his part in her larger destiny."
1964 - Malcolm X speaks at a CORE-sponsored meeting on "The Negro
Revolt - What Comes Next?" In his speech "The Ballot or Bullet,"
Malcolm warns of a growing black nationalism that will no longer
tolerate patronizing white political action.
1968 - Less than 24 hours before he is assassinated in Memphis,
Tennessee, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his
Famous "mountaintop" speech to a rally of striking sanitation
workers.
1990 - Jazz singer Sarah Vaughan joins the ancestors in suburban Los
Angeles, California, at the age of 66.
1996 - An Air Force jetliner carrying Commerce Secretary Ron Brown and
American business executives crashes in Croatia, killing all 35
people aboard.
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