* Today in Black History - November 22 *
1865 - The Mississippi legislature enacts "Black Codes" which
restrict the rights and freedom of movement of the
freedmen. The Black Codes enacted in Mississippi and
other Southern states virtually re-enslave the
freedmen. In some states, any white person could
arrest any African American. In other states, minor
officials could arrest African American "vagrants" and
"refractory and rebellious Negroes" and force them to
work on roads and levees without pay. "Servants" in
South Carolina were required to work from sunrise to
sunset, to be quiet and orderly and go to bed at
"reasonable hours." It was a crime in Mississippi for
African Americans to own farm land. In South Carolina,
African Americans have to get a special license to
work outside the domestic and farm laborer categories.
1871 - Louisiana Lt. Governor Oscar J. Dunn, joins the ancestors
suddenly in the midst of a bitter struggle for control
of the state government. Dunn aides charge that he was
poisoned.
1884 - T. Thomas Fortune founds the "New York Freeman", which
later becomes the "New York Age."
1884 - The Philadelphia Tribune is founded by Christopher J.
Perry.
1891 - Alrutheus Ambush Taylor, teacher and historian, is born in
Washington, DC. He will become Fisk University's Dean. He
and other local African American historians will come
under the influence of Dr. Carter G. Woodson, who spoke
in Nashville on several occasions. In 1941, Taylor will
publish a Tennessee study from the African American
perspective. Taylor titled his study, "The Negro in
Tennessee, 1865-1880." Taylor's book will go beyond
slavery and cover Reconstruction history and various
aspects of African American life, including business and
politics. He will join the ancestors on June 4, 1954 after
succumbing to a cerebral hemorrhage.
1909 - Moses Josiah Madiba is born in Uitvlucht, Pietersburg
(now Polokwane) district, South Africa. He will become
an author, educationist and the first African chancellor
of the University of the North. He will be the first
secretary of the Maune branch of the Transvaal African
Teachers' Association in 1930. In 1964, he will receive
the British Council Visitor's Grant which will enable
him to study primary and secondary teacher training in
Britain as well as the teaching of English to foreign
students. He will become a lay preacher and first
president of the new synod of the Evangelical Lutheran
Church after the merging of the Northern and Southern
Transvaal synods in 1963. He will join the ancestors on
January 2, 1985 in Seshego, Pietersburg district.
1927 - Grady "Fats" Jackson is born in Asheville, North Carolina.
He will become a Rhythm and Blues tenor saxophonist. He
will be part of the group "Tri-Sax-Ual Soul Champs" along
with Sil Austin and Mark "Kaz" Kazanoff. The group's best
compilation will be "Go Girl" (1990). He will join the
ancestors on January 17, 1994 in Atlanta, Georgia.
1930 - The Nation of Islam is founded in Detroit, Michigan.
1942 - Guion S. Bluford, Jr. is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
He will become a aerospace engineer, a Colonel in the U.S.
Air Force and fighter pilot, and NASA astronaut. He will
participate in four Space Shuttle flights between 1983 and
1992. In 1983, as a member of the crew of the Orbiter
Challenger on the mission STS-8, he will become the first
African American in space as well as the second person of
African descent in space, after Cuban cosmonaut Arnaldo
Tamayo Mendez. He will be inducted into the International
Space Hall of Fame in 1997, and inducted into the United
States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 2010. In 2002, scholar
Molefi Kete Asante will include him on his list of 100
Greatest African Americans.
1946 - Aston Francis Barrett is born in Kingston, Jamaica. He will
become a songwriter, musician (Bass guitar, guitar,
keyboards, percussions), arranger and record producer. He
will be often called "Family Man" or "Fams" for short. He
will be one of the Barrett brothers (the other being the
younger brother on drums Carlton "Carly" Barrett) who will
play with Bob Marley and The Wailers, The Hippy Boys, and
Lee Perry's The Upsetters. He will be the bandleader of
Marley's backing band, as well as co-producer of the albums,
and the man in charge of the overall song arrangements. He
will continue to tour with and lead The Wailers Band. He will
have great support from Marley's fan base, despite his legal
wrangling with the Marley family. He will be the mentor and
teacher of Robbie Shakespeare of the duo Sly & Robbie. In
2012, he will receive a Lifetime Achievement award from Bass
Player magazine.
1957 - The Miles Davis Quintet debuts with a jazz concert at
Carnegie Hall in New York.
1961 - Frank Robinson becomes the first baseball player to be
named "Most Valuable Player" in both major leagues.
1965 - Muhammad Ali defeats Floyd Patterson. Ali, a recent
convert to the Muslim faith, taunts the former champ
and ends the fight in 12 rounds to win the world
heavyweight title.
1966 - Michael Kenneth Williams is born in Brooklyn, New York. He
will become an actor, and dancer. He will be one of the most
recognized and respected artists in the television world. He
will be best known for playing the roles of Omar Little on
the popular HBO series ‘The Wire’ and Albert ‘Chalky’ White
in HBO’s ‘Boardwalk Empire’. He will also be widely
recognized due to the scar on his face. The actor will be
discovered by late American rapper, Tupac Shakur, who will
also introduce Michael to mainstream cinema by casting him
in ‘Bullet’. Since then, the actor will play major roles in
a number of television series including ‘Bullet’, ‘I Think
I Love My Wife’, ‘Gone Baby Gone’, ‘Addicts’, and more. In
addition to that, he will also appear in small roles in
major movies like ‘The Incredible Hulk’, ‘Assassin’s Creed’,
and the Academy Award winning movie ‘12 Years a Slave’. He
will rise to an even higher level of fame when President
Barack Obama, then a Senator, describes ‘The Wire’ as his
favorite television show and describes Michael’s character
‘Omar Little’ as one of the most intriguing characters on the
show. He will also be a successful choreographer and will
work as a background dancer.
1968 - Daedra Janel Charles is born in Detroit, Michigan. She will
become a basketball player and assistant coach at Tennessee.
She will be as a member of the United States women's national
basketball team that will claim the bronze medal at the 1992
Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. She will attend the
University of Tennessee. She will twice help Tennessee win
the NCAA Women's Championship in 1989 and 1991. She will be
named to the national team invited to compete at the 1992
Olympics, held in Barcelona, Spain. The USA team will win their
first three games, but then will play the Unified Team and fall,
79–73. The USA team will then face Cuba for the bronze medal.
The game will be tied at halftime, and Cuba will have a small
lead midway through the second half, but the USA will go on a
run to retake the lead, and will finish with an 88–74 victory
and the bronze medal. She will average 6.2 points per game. She
will continue to represent the USA on the national team when it
will compete in the 1994 World Championships in Sydney,
Australia. The team will be coached by Tara VanDerveer. The
team will win their early games. Against Spain, she will lead
the USA scorers with 18 points, helping secure the win. She will
also contribute 22 points to a win against the host team
Australia. The team will then advance to the medal rounds and
face Brazil. Despite 29 points from Katrina McClain, the USA
will fall 110–107 when Brazil hits ten of ten free throws in the
final minute. The USA will go on to defeat Australia 100–95 to
claim the bronze medal. She will join the ancestors on April 14,
2018 at the age of 49 from undisclosed reasons.
1968 - A portrait of Frederick Douglass appears on the cover
of Life magazine. The cover story, "Search for a Black
Past," will be the first in a four-part series of
stories in which the magazine examines African
Americans, a review of the last 50 years of struggle
and interviews with Jesse Jackson, Julian Bond,
Eldridge Cleaver, Dick Gregory, and others.
1986 - 24 year-old George Branham wins the Brunswick Memorial
World Open. It is the first time an African American
wins a Professional Bowlers Association title.
1986 - Mike Tyson, 20 years, 4 months old, becomes the
youngest to wear the world heavyweight boxing crown
after knocking out Trevor Berbick in Las Vegas.
1988 - Bob Watson is named assistant general manager of the
Houston Astros, the team where he began his
professional career in 1965. One of a select few
African American assistant general managers in the
sport, Watson's spikes hang in the Baseball Hall of
Fame for scoring baseball's 1,000,000th run in 1976.
1989 - Candice Rickelle Glover is born in Beaufort, South
Carolina. She will become a Rhythm & Blues singer and
actress who will win the twelfth season of American Idol.
She will be the first winner to will audition three times
before being cast for the live shows. Her debut album
"Music Speaks" will be released on February 18, 2014. She
will also be featured on Chadd Black's single, "Love No
Fear", which will be released on February 14, 2015. She
will release a mixtape with Black sometime in 2016. In
January 2016, she will part ways with 19 Recordings/
Interscope. Her new album will be released independently,
and she will work with Jazmine Sullivan, Chris Brown, and
Drake on it. She will return to Idol for the series finale
on April 7, 2016. She will perform with all the returning
alumni to open the show, singing "One Voice." Later, she
will perform "Joy to the World" with Melinda Doolittle. She
will sing on Broadway in the show “Home For the Holidays,
Live on Broadway” presented November 17 to December 30,
2017, at the August Wilson Theatre.
2016 - President Barack Obama awards the Presidential Medal
of Freedom, the country's highest civilian honor, for
the last time. The honorees include Diana Ross, Kareem
Abdul-Jabbar, Michael Jordan and Cicely Tyson.
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