* Today in Black History - November 11 *
1831 - Nat Turner is executed for organizing and leading the
armed slave insurrection in Jerusalem, Southampton
County, Virginia. One of our greatest freedom fighters
joins the ancestors.
1890 - D. McCree is granted a patent for the portable fire
escape.
1895 - Bechuanaland becomes part of the Cape Colony in Africa.
1915 - Claude Clark, Sr. is born near Rockingham, Georgia. He
will study at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the
Barnes Foundation, and the University of California,
Berkeley, and become a renowned artist whose studies of
urban life and social realism will be exhibited widely,
including the New York World's Fair of 1939, the
Sorbonne, the Oakland Museum, the Museum of African
American Art in Los Angeles and in the major group
exhibits Hidden Heritage: Afro-American Art 1800-1950
and Two Centuries of Black American Art. He will join
the ancestors on April 21, 2001.
1918 - The Armistice is signed, ending World War I. Official
records listed 370,000 African American soldiers and
1400 African American commissioned officers. A little
more than half of of these soldiers served in the
European Theater. Three African American regiments --
the 369th, 371st, and 372nd -- received the Croix de
Guerre for valor. The 369th was the first American
unit to reach the Rhine river (which separates France
from Germany). The first American soldiers to be
decorated for bravery in France were Henry Johnson and
Needham Roberts of the 369th Infantry Regiment.
1925 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is awarded to James Weldon
Johnson, former U.S. consul in Venezuela and Nicaragua
and NAACP executive secretary, for his work as an
author, diplomat and leader.
1928 - Ernestine Anderson is born in Houston, Texas. Her
introduction to jazz singing will begin at age 12 at
the Eldorado Ballroom in Houston. In a career that will
span more than five decades, she will record over 30
albums. She will be nominated four times for a Grammy
Award. She will sing at Carnegie Hall, the Kennedy Center,
the Monterey Jazz Festival (six times over a 33-year
span), as well as at jazz festivals all over the world.
In the early 1990s she will join Qwest Records, the label
of fellow Garfield High School grad Quincy Jones. She will
perform with Russell Jaquet, Johnny Otis, and Lionel
Hampton and be known for her warm, blues-influenced vocals..
She will join the ancestors on March 10, 2016.
1929 - Delores LaVern Baker is born in Chicago, Illinois. She will
become a rhythm & blues vocalist. She will be known
for her recordings of "Tweedly Dee", "I Cried a Tear",
and "Jim Dandy." In 1990, she will be among the first eight
recipients of the Pioneer Award from the Rhythm and Blues
Foundation. In 1991, she will become the second female solo
artist inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame,
following Aretha Franklin in 1987. Her song "Jim Dandy" will
be named one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs
that Shaped Rock and Roll, and will be ranked #343 on the
Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. She will
join the ancestors on March 10, 1997.
1946 - Corrine Brown is born in Jacksonville, Florida. She will
receive a bachelor's degree in 1969 and a master's
degree in 1971 from Florida A&M University. She will
also receive an education specialist degree from the
University of Florida in 1974 and an honorary doctorate
in law from Edward Waters College. She will be a college
professor, a guidance counselor, and owner of a travel
agency before entering politics. In 1982 she will be
elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where
she will serve for ten years. In 1992 she will be elected
to the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's Third
Congressional District.
1965 - Prime Minister Ian D. Smith of Rhodesia proclaims
independence from Great Britain.
1972 - Carl T. Rowan, journalist, becomes the first African
American elected to the 'Gridiron Club.'
1975 - Angola gains independence from Portugal after 500 years of
colonial rule. Angola, in southeastern Africa, had been
waging guerrilla warfare against Portuguese rule since
1961. In 1974, back in Portugal, a group of young military
officers overthrew the government. The new government quickly
granted independence to Portugal's colonies. Thus, on November
11, 1975 Angola officially becomes an independent republic.
1979 - The Bethune Museum and Archives is established in Washington, DC.
The goal of the museum, which is housed in the Mary McLeod
Bethune Council House, is to serve as a depository and center
for African American women's history.
1984 - Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. joins the ancestors after
succumbing to a heart attack in Atlanta, Georgia. Better known
as "Daddy King," he was the father of famed civil rights leader
Martin Luther King, Jr. and was himself, an early civil rights
leader. The elder King was pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in
Atlanta, the center for much of his son's civil rights activity.
1985 - The city of Yonkers, New York is found guilty of segregating in
schools & housing.
1989 - The Civil Rights Memorial is dedicated in Montgomery, Alabama.
1995 - The European Union's 15 member states decide to pull their envoys
out of Lagos to show their anger at Nigeria's execution of human
rights leaders.
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