<<Disclaimer: Verify this information before applying it to your situation.>> In belated response to Bruce Bimber, the studies I cited earlier on carbohydrase deficiency in Celiacs indicated that those on gluten-free diets still had significant deficiencies in maltase, sucrase and lactose two years after following what were described as strict diets. I agree that in practice there are many sources of trace gluten that are difficult to identify so it is hard to know if these patients were rally not getting low levels of gluten. I am still finding higher energy levels, less gas, more normal stools after using the Ness formula #21 carobhydrase enzyme supplements, but want to follow this at least a few more months to get any kind of even proper anecdotal evaluation. -- David Scheim