<<Disclaimer: Verify this information before applying it to your situation.>> Hello everybody I read about Bill's testing and the small Gluten content in a GF-free food containing turmeric. Ground spices and especially spice mixes like Curry powder or Garam Massala could be mixed with a cheap powder to increase the volume and make more money, make the spice cheaper, or make a hot spice milder. (Wheat-) flour can be used for such purposes. Although spices are usually not the part in a meal that fills the stomac, it is safer to use whole spices and either grind them in a coffee grinder or food processor, or to add them in a bag of cheese cloth during cooking and remove them before serving the food. To use a mortar.... well, if you have plenty of time, need a workout, and are willing to find seeds, especially round ones, all over the place. Marianne Ostermayer ([log in to unmask])