Meant to say sore in Halifa', eyes On Saturday, 30 August 2014, UDP United Kingdom <[log in to unmask]> wrote: > Well, brother Musa, your attitude never changed in this subject saved for > that brief moment in 2011 when you favoured a UDP led alliance, a support > you later reneged on unceremoniously. For you, it is always UDP that have > to move the earth and the skies for a coalition to happen. Halifa should > just wait in his slumber of intransigence for everybody to come around and > submit or succumb to his total whims and caprices. That makes me always ask > myself who on this earth is Halifa Sallah? > > > You kept calling for a so-called none partisan coalition against all > advice to the effect that as far as the constitution is concern, no > organisation other than a political party has the standing to sponsor a > candidate in a public election even if that candidate is an independent.- > this does not preclude an independent candidate sponsoring him/herself in a > public election-. Since a coalition or alliance is not a political party, > what this means is that you have to have a leading political party to serve > as a vanguard for the coalition in order to be able to legally sponsor a > candidate in the 2016 presidential elections. That is what UDP's proposal > is all about. > > > I bet Halifa told you something difference. Well, he did the same thing in > the NADD registration matter to avoid a UDP led alliance and against all > advice. You know what happened next. > > > You also provide no valid justification as to why the conventional norm of > coalition formation between political parties should be abandoned for > Halifa’s fish and chips. Halifa has been opposed to a UDP led alliance > since 2001. According to him in 2001 on Radio 1 FM, UDP should not have > existed in the first place since PDOIS was already there in 1996 and that > the proponents of UDP should have joined his party rather than forming > their own. As unreasonable as it may sound, this has nonetheless been > Halifa’s grievance all these years. To add insult to his perceived injury, > UDP pulled far more votes in 1996 than Halifa’s decade old PDOIS and > continue to do the same in every subsequent general election. This remains > a score in Halifa’s eyes and that means he will say anything to avoid a UDP > led alliance. > > > It looks like all what people like you who knows Halifa well are doing is > asking the UDP to give comfort to his egos. Well, we are not doing that, > thank you very much. We have a legitimacy to protect, principles to defend > and laws to comply with. > > > I have stated above Halifa’s reason for not joining a UDP led alliance of > 2001. In 2006, he said he does not want to help Alhagi Ousainu to become an > elite but he (Halifa) allow himself to be nominated as presidential > candidate in that year’s presidential elections in order to become the > elite he does not want to help Alhagi Ousainu to be. In 2011, he said UDP’s > votes of 2006 was a drop and yet he would not explain how his own share of > the votes in the same election barely crossed the 5% threshold despite been > backed by a coalition of political parties. God knows what he is coming up > with next. The point is, Halifa will always find an excuse to avoid a UDP > led alliance. You all know this but because you think you can't make him > change attitude, you now want to take UDP for granted and as a soft target. > It does not have to be like this, my friend. Forget about Halifa and PDOIS > and lets move ahead with the national cause. The UDP cannot be taken for > granted and it is definitely not a soft target. > > > You also suggested in the radio that UDP is refusing to respond to PDOIS's > Agenda 2016 as if there is a need to do so or that the agenda was > officially presented to the UDP. Besides, what is the difference between > PDOIS’s Agenda 2011 and their Agenda 2016? Was it not you who said UDP’s > proposal of 2011 accommodates all the safeguards addressed in the NADD MOU > and PDOIS's 2011 AGENDA. If that sounds like a compromise (you can’t say it > isn’t and by the way, PDOIS did not reciprocate UDP’s concessions), why > then does everything has to be in total convergence with Halifa Sallah's > will and wish? Who the hell is he after all? > > > This matter will have to be resolved on the basis of a compromise that is > in tandem with constitutional law and the fundamental principles that > underpins coalition politics in the world that we live in. If Halifa Sallah > wants to cling onto ideology, or his delusional narcissism and personal > ego, then that is a matter for him. The rest of us should move ahead with > the national cause. > > > As the leading opposition party in the country and regardless of what > anybody says, the UDP has a legitimacy to lead any coalition it becomes > part of as a matter of the democratic principle that underpins coalition > politics and in line with international standards and practices. That > argument will only cease to be made if the party is no longer the biggest > opposition party in the country. This is something that you must understand > or they will be trapped in their own folly. > > > However, the UDP recognises that it cannot call for a coalition that is > based entirely on its programmes. That is why we agreed to PDOIS’s 5yr > transition proposal and their proposal about the successful presidential > candidate serving only one term and not seeking re-election in the > subsequent election or to support another candidate in that election. If > they have more of these kinds of proposals, they should bring them forward > so that the UDP can look at them and see how best we can accommodate the > same. > > > There is total convergence on the constitutional reform issue and that > makes that a none contentious issue. > > > Thanks > > > Daffeh > > > On 30 August 2014 10:14, UDP United Kingdom <[log in to unmask] > <javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml',[log in to unmask]);>> wrote: > >> Well >> >> >> On 30 August 2014 02:58, Musa Jeng <[log in to unmask] >> <javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml',[log in to unmask]);>> wrote: >> >>> Which comment in particular are you concern with? I may be able to make >>> some clarification, as you know context is everything. >>> >>> Thank you >>> ------------------------------ >>> *From: *"UDP United Kingdom" <[log in to unmask] >>> <javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml',[log in to unmask]);>> >>> *To: *"and, The" <[log in to unmask] >>> <javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml',[log in to unmask]);>> >>> *Sent: *Friday, August 29, 2014 1:53:05 AM >>> >>> *Subject: *Re: [G_L] We can defeat Jammeh at polls in 2016 - Sidia >>> Jatta on 2016 Elections >>> >>> And by the way, I am glad you said you are not married to any specific >>> formula because your comments on fatu radio are a bit of a concern to me. >>> >>> Thanks >>> Daffeh >>> >>> On Friday, 29 August 2014, UDP United Kingdom <[log in to unmask] >>> <javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml',[log in to unmask]);>> wrote: >>> >>>> Brother Musa, I am glad you see the humour in my branding. But as for a >>>> stumbling block, I think you know better who that is. It is none but Halifa >>>> Sallah and only Halifa Sallah. You guys keep saying he is principle as if >>>> the rest of us are a bunch of jelly fish. I am principle too. >>>> >>>> Thanks >>>> Daffeh >>>> >>>> On Friday, 29 August 2014, Musa Jeng <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >>>> >>>>> Brother Daffeh: >>>>> >>>>> The flip flopper tag put a smile on my face, even though I am sure >>>>> that was not your intent. This may not make sense to you, but when it comes >>>>> to coalition as a tactic, I continue to believe that it can give us the >>>>> change we all yearn for. I am not married to any specific coalition >>>>> tactic, and will always look for the compromising position that will >>>>> finally give all Gambians the opportunity to vote and fight to bring an >>>>> end to the APRC regime. The Daffeh's of this world are the stumbling blocs >>>>> to our efforts to find a common ground in our struggle against Jammeh, and >>>>> that is unfortunate. >>>>> >>>>> Thank you >>>>> >>>>> ------------------------------ >>>>> *From: *"UDP United Kingdom" <[log in to unmask]> >>>>> *To: *"and, The" <[log in to unmask]> >>>>> *Sent: *Thursday, August 28, 2014 5:16:39 AM >>>>> *Subject: *Re: [G_L] We can defeat Jammeh at polls in 2016 - Sidia >>>>> Jatta on 2016 Elections >>>>> >>>>> Guys, I was only putting tnt from yurhe records straight because it >>>>> looks like PDIOS leaders still don't know how to live the life of a >>>>> dignified elder. They keep distorting facts and misleading people in every >>>>> step of the way. The coalition debate is not yet around and when the time >>>>> comes, you will have answers to your concerns. >>>>> >>>>> Thanks >>>>> Daffeh >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On 28 August 2014 08:31, kejau <[log in to unmask]> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> I think that will only work with a boycott as it will be insane to >>>>>> follow a candidate who is barred from standing, even if unconstitutionally. >>>>>> I think UDP should allow negotiations and depart from their party led >>>>>> coalition even if it means bringing in more delegates proportionate to >>>>>> their perceived majority or suggest another alternative to their >>>>>> uncompromising stance. >>>>>> >>>>>> KR >>>>>> Kejau >>>>>> Sent from Samsung Mobile >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> -------- Original message -------- >>>>>> From: Demba Baldeh >>>>>> Date:28/08/2014 08:18 (GMT+01:00) >>>>>> To: [log in to unmask] >>>>>> Subject: Re: We can defeat Jammeh at polls in 2016 - Sidia Jatta on >>>>>> 2016 Elections >>>>>> >>>>>> A Darboe candidate actually could have worked or could still work and >>>>>> the governing agenda could be an independent one. See what we are not able >>>>>> to overcome is that we are not getting anywhere with individual parties. So >>>>>> if the fear was for one party NOT an individual to dominate the transition >>>>>> leadership then I think it makes sense to have Darboe lead a coalition >>>>>> under a different banner.. I think it was pretty much the same as Hamat Bah >>>>>> leading a coalition under an independent ticket... >>>>>> >>>>>> I sincerely think politically the UDP has an advantage either way... >>>>>> It is a matter of taking us through a transition successfully with the >>>>>> needed reforms and we can battle it out base on party merits. No political >>>>>> party should be afraid of contesting under a free and fair system.. >>>>>> >>>>>> So the question really is since Darboe is constitutionally ineligible >>>>>> (unless we find a way to change the existing one) could a formula be >>>>>> advanced to have him possibly lead a transition under an independent banner >>>>>> in 2016 and then form a national unity government with five permanent >>>>>> members for the transition from all the political parties who cannot be >>>>>> fired by the elected President... Once Jammeh is out and the reforms are >>>>>> effected Darboe could step aside and allow others including a new UDP >>>>>> leadership to contest the elections.. >>>>>> >>>>>> I think Darboe will be honored to lead a transition of 2 years or 5 >>>>>> fives... After all he would become President for one term... which may >>>>>> never be attainable under the current circumstances... Any thoughts... >>>>>> Again we must brainstorm ideas and look to move forward as a country with >>>>>> or without individual leadership... >>>>>> >>>>>> We can do something Gambians that is historic... Who will be counted >>>>>> is another issue... >>>>>> >>>>>> Thanks >>>>>> >>>>>> Demba >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> On Wed, Aug 27, 2014 at 7:42 PM, UDP United Kingdom < >>>>>> [log in to unmask]> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>> Prior to the coalition meeting of 2011, Hamat was quoted in the >>>>>>> media as saying that he was going to be a candidate with or without a >>>>>>> coalition and that those who wants unity should rally behind him and the >>>>>>> NRP. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Once it was clear that UDP was not going to be foolish enough to >>>>>>> embrace Halifa's convention idea, Hamat saw can opportunity for himself to >>>>>>> became a coalition candidate. He decided to exploit it by declaring his >>>>>>> support for Halifa's convention proposal. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Knowing fully that the only thing that could keep Hamat in his >>>>>>> proposed coalition arrangement was his (Hamat) candidacy, Halifa decided to >>>>>>> grant him his wish and save his own face by withdrawing from the race and >>>>>>> thereby paving a smooth way for Hamat to become the candidate he so >>>>>>> uncompromisingly wanted to be. This was how Hamat became associated with >>>>>>> the convention idea but his position was initially for a Party led allaince >>>>>>> albeit NRP one. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Another point clarified. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>> On Thursday, 28 August 2014, UDP United Kingdom < >>>>>>> [log in to unmask]> wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Well maybe we should wait until the proportion of votes actually >>>>>>>> changed and then we can talk about another form of coalition. As it stands >>>>>>>> now, nothing has changed and that means nothing will change in respect to >>>>>>>> the coalition approach. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> By the way; the UDP never proposed a Lawyer Darboe led allaince but >>>>>>>> a UDP led allaince. It was Landing Jallow Sonko who proposed a Lawyer >>>>>>>> Darboe led allaince and even Darboe himself rejected this saying it is not >>>>>>>> about him and that the UDP can choose a different candidate if they so wish. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On Thursday, 28 August 2014, UDP United Kingdom < >>>>>>>> [log in to unmask]> wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> Well maybe we should wait until the proportion of votes actually >>>>>>>>> changed and then we can talk about another form of coalition. As it stands >>>>>>>>> now, nothing has changed and that means nothing will change in respect to >>>>>>>>> coalition approach. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> By the UDP never proposed a Lawyer Darbboe led allaince but a UDP >>>>>>>>> led allaince. It was Landing Jallow Sonko who proposed a Lawyer Darboe led >>>>>>>>> allaince and even Darboe himself rejected this saying it is not about him >>>>>>>>> and that the UDP can choose a different candidate if they so wish. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> On Thursday, 28 August 2014, Kejau Touray <[log in to unmask]> >>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> OK, I see, a UDP led coalition, based on the fact that the UDP >>>>>>>>>> had more votes in 2006 than the rest of the opposition parties. Politics is >>>>>>>>>> dynamic and it proportion of votes are bound to change, hence the need to >>>>>>>>>> have elections every five year, otherwise the party with the majority many >>>>>>>>>> years ago will still be in government if that historic count is what >>>>>>>>>> counts. I think there is a need now to formulate another coalition formulae >>>>>>>>>> rather than party led coalition based on historic data if we are serious >>>>>>>>>> about defeating Jammeh at the polls, especially in the view of the age >>>>>>>>>> limit and the fact that Hon. Ousainou Darboe may not stand this time even >>>>>>>>>> if later. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Kejau >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Thank you, by the way, kindly remind us what exactly was it that >>>>>>>>>> UDP proposed? This discourse is important, if we are to avoid a repeat of >>>>>>>>>> 2011 in 2016. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> KR >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Kejau >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> ------------------------------ >>>>>>>>>> Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 23:44:58 +0100 >>>>>>>>>> From: [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> Subject: We can defeat Jammeh at polls in 2016 - Sidia Jatta on >>>>>>>>>> 2016 Elections >>>>>>>>>> To: [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Correction; what actually happened was that the UDP invited all >>>>>>>>>> the parties to a meeting in order to discuss their coalition proposal. In >>>>>>>>>> that meeting some parties rejected UDP's proposal while others supported >>>>>>>>>> it. PDOIS presented a counter proposal which was also not accepted by the >>>>>>>>>> UDP, GMC, PPP and NRP. However, after the conference has effectively ended >>>>>>>>>> but before the signing of the communique, NRP changed position and decided >>>>>>>>>> to support pdois's proposal. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> After the final communique, parties went away and started working >>>>>>>>>> on their respective preferences of coalition formula and there has not been >>>>>>>>>> any contact or communication between the parties from this point until >>>>>>>>>> after the elections when the Group of Six was initiated and later formed. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Proportional representation was never part of pdois's proposal. >>>>>>>>>> As a matter of fact, pdois's coalition proposal's was premised on the >>>>>>>>>> concept of equality of sovereign parties, something people like myself find >>>>>>>>>> utterly absurd. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> It was at some point when there was a break and before >>>>>>>>>> negotiation ended, a period of stalemate if you like to call it that, that >>>>>>>>>> Musa Jeng of STGDP proposed proportional representation as a way of pushing >>>>>>>>>> UDP towards pdois's line. Barely a week before this, the same Musa Jeng was >>>>>>>>>> in the media acknowledging the very fundamental concessions UDP made to >>>>>>>>>> PDOIS and the rest of the country and had argued that PDOIS should accept >>>>>>>>>> UDP proposal in the light of those concessions as all the essentials were >>>>>>>>>> present in the proposal. PDOIS never heeded to his advice neither did they >>>>>>>>>> reciprocate UDP's concessions. The UDP too did not respond to >>>>>>>>>> Musa's proposal but I took the opportunity to ask him whether in the light >>>>>>>>>> of his own admission that UDP's proposal contains all the essentials, >>>>>>>>>> he was now calling for a coalition that was based on the totality of Halifa >>>>>>>>>> Sallah's will rather than compromise?? That question too was never >>>>>>>>>> answered. What was however clear is that Musa made a 360 degrees U turn >>>>>>>>>> within a span of a week or two. A classic flip flopper, isn't he? >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> There is absolutely nothing whatsoever in pdois's proposal that >>>>>>>>>> justifies an inter-party primary or convention to choose a coalition >>>>>>>>>> candidate against all conventions and norms known to coalition politics. >>>>>>>>>> All the issues they talked about in their Agenda 2011 and 2016 were >>>>>>>>>> adequately addressed in the UDP proposal and/or by the party's >>>>>>>>>> representatives at the 2011 coalition meetings. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> A UDP presidential candidate is always someone who has been >>>>>>>>>> democratically elected at a party congress and we expect that parties who >>>>>>>>>> wish to coalesce with the UDP will respect that sovereign decision of the >>>>>>>>>> party's general membership as a matter of democracy principle. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> UDP was never invited to nominate 12 delegates neither has it had >>>>>>>>>> any cause to complain about parties been allocated a given number of >>>>>>>>>> delegates as the party was not part of the group that subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>> convention idea and have not been involved in any convention discussion or >>>>>>>>>> preparation. It never subscribed to it and had nothing to do with it >>>>>>>>>> whatsoever. Thus, any suggestion to the contrary is a fib. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Like I said above, all the parties were busy working on their >>>>>>>>>> coalition arrangements and UDP's coalition arrangement had no convention >>>>>>>>>> component. The party had already done that at its 2010 Jarra Soma >>>>>>>>>> Congress. They also did not have any contact with PDOIS until after the >>>>>>>>>> 2011 elections when G6 was initiated. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>>>>> Daffeh >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Wednesday, 27 August 2014, Kejau Touray <[log in to unmask]> >>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Honourable Sidia Jatta a former presidential candidate for one of >>>>>>>>>> the longest standing political parties in The Gambia, PDOIS, uttered these >>>>>>>>>> remarks at a press conference.... >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Hon Sidia Jatta explained his exertion with facts and figures >>>>>>>>>> including the fact that even though the opposition parties boycotted the >>>>>>>>>> last parliamentary elections, the independence without any party support >>>>>>>>>> and resources pulled 74,000 votes compared to the incumbent party's 84000 >>>>>>>>>> votes, this clearly shows the fact the electorates want change and are >>>>>>>>>> ready to change the government come 2016. He reiterated the fact that the >>>>>>>>>> boycott was aimed at showing Gambians and the world that the elections are >>>>>>>>>> not fair in The Gambia and that aim has been achieved and that they are not >>>>>>>>>> poised to plan another boycott. 'We were elbowed out by the incumbent in >>>>>>>>>> fact and we did not boycott', he said. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> He went unto to say that his party, PDOIS, since the successful >>>>>>>>>> launch of the political manifesto, have organised rallies and are on a >>>>>>>>>> village to village campaign trail across the country, meeting and talking >>>>>>>>>> to Gambians at every bantaba, every compound in every village and town >>>>>>>>>> about the citizens sovereign rights and explaining the agenda to them, so >>>>>>>>>> far the response has been fantastic. He further urged all the other >>>>>>>>>> opposition political parties to follow in their footsteps. i.e. to produce >>>>>>>>>> a manifesto, go on a campaign trail and sensitize and sell their party >>>>>>>>>> agendas until mid 2015.and if there is no electoral reforms until then, >>>>>>>>>> they can come together as a coalition and contest elections as a single >>>>>>>>>> entity. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> This coalition formation will hopefully be in the same way they >>>>>>>>>> followed last elections until Hamat Bah emerged as the winner over three >>>>>>>>>> other candidates. It should be recalled that at that three days conference >>>>>>>>>> held in Kantora hotel in Banjul, when Halifa Sallah of PDOIS withdrew his >>>>>>>>>> candidature, all the other political parties were invited to invite 12 of >>>>>>>>>> their supporters across the country and they all obliged except UDP who >>>>>>>>>> complaint that they were the biggest political party and the organisers >>>>>>>>>> then told them to invite more, upto 15 but they did not think even that was >>>>>>>>>> good enough for them. Many observers believe that if Ousainou Darboe of UDP >>>>>>>>>> has subjected himself to that process, he would have been overwhelmingly >>>>>>>>>> been elected to lead the coalition. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> http://www.gambiadaily.co.uk/1-getting-started >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> ------------------------------ >>>>>>>>>> Date: Wed, 27 Aug 2014 17:09:04 +0100 >>>>>>>>>> From: [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> Subject: Re: STRATEGIC AND GERMANE ADVISE FROM M NYANG courtesy >>>>>>>>>> GAINAKO >>>>>>>>>> To: [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Well YJ, NADD was about a united front. Process, i.e., flag >>>>>>>>>> bearer, was the main difficulty. It is still an issue lurking in the >>>>>>>>>> background, but there is no question a NADD-type structure can do the work. >>>>>>>>>> A lot of people appear to have no faith in the electoral process but that >>>>>>>>>> may be a function of misunderstanding how a fully united front may respond >>>>>>>>>> to the challenges thrown up by a lawless electoral system. I have discussed >>>>>>>>>> my approach as far back as 2004-2005. Level of unity and commitment is the >>>>>>>>>> only issue, and I'm unsure about the preparedness of the party leaders to >>>>>>>>>> utilise all the available options in dealing with the current system. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> A simpler way of understanding Nyang's contention re the Diaspora >>>>>>>>>> is to ask what we can do to practically influence matters on the ground >>>>>>>>>> given our separation from the main theatre of operations. In other words, >>>>>>>>>> the Diaspora has a role but that role is not overall leadership. No one >>>>>>>>>> resident in the Diaspora can be an electoral flag bearer, and the same >>>>>>>>>> applies to even to leadership of a mass uprising. The geography of the >>>>>>>>>> transaction cannot allow that but there are elements in the Diaspora that >>>>>>>>>> appear not to understand that our proper function, as long as we are away >>>>>>>>>> form the ground, must remain a supporting role. In the ordinary run of >>>>>>>>>> events, Professor Jammeh's successor will not come from the Diaspora. How >>>>>>>>>> is this controversial? >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> As earlier stated, even a citizen uprising cannot be led from the >>>>>>>>>> Diaspora. What is the obsession then with leading when none of the >>>>>>>>>> available routes to change can be implemented from the Diaspora? Annoying >>>>>>>>>> the Professor through immense humiliation in the Diaspora is not the same >>>>>>>>>> thing as deposing his government, and a Gambia without his government is >>>>>>>>>> what this fight is about >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Nyang's position is spot on and if we can have a truly united >>>>>>>>>> front of the *bona fide* opposition parties, we are more than >>>>>>>>>> 90% on the home stretch. I'm economical with words but I'm certain you got >>>>>>>>>> my drift. Home is where the action will always be! >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> LJDarbo >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Wednesday, 27 August 2014, 15:03, Y Jallow < >>>>>>>>>> [log in to unmask]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> LJD - >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Thanks for sharing. This is a good submission from our resident, >>>>>>>>>> Nyang. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Nyang have some great points. It is true that the opposition home >>>>>>>>>> are an instrumental element in this equation even though I personally >>>>>>>>>> understand the frustration of the Diaspora forces. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> In his piece though, Nyang is suggesting that any unity effort be >>>>>>>>>> built from the previous miscarriage, NADD. The logic is a little scary. >>>>>>>>>> Well, NADD didn't work, or at least safely said that it was aborted by the >>>>>>>>>> many KEY players. That a reason to try a new model of unity. So I think the >>>>>>>>>> Diaspora weren't ignorant. It is combination of frustration, interest in a >>>>>>>>>> democratic process, and a wish to see some activities to counter the >>>>>>>>>> criminal regime. I will not rule out some mistakes or even over excitement, >>>>>>>>>> or better put as playing too much with democratic book teachings. It is all >>>>>>>>>> healthy even though some of the actions are simply a turnoff. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Must I say that, any route for another NADD will another waste of >>>>>>>>>> time, or at least repeating history, because Halifa, Waa Juwara, Lawyer >>>>>>>>>> Darboe, Hamat Bah, Barrister Fatty, OJ and Gomez didn't agree on things, >>>>>>>>>> and the G-N (6, 5, 4, 3, ...whatever that exact number is) didn't see >>>>>>>>>> fruition. If this cannot be worked out, I am seriously wondering how >>>>>>>>>> another effort in that direction will solve this problem. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On the new empowerment, the Diaspora forces are blessed with some >>>>>>>>>> key resources like the online radios, internet, freedom to speech/assembly >>>>>>>>>> which is very effective in exposing and countering dictatorship. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> To suggest that the only way is to rally through the opposition >>>>>>>>>> back home might not be accurate. I know many are opposed to the toppling of >>>>>>>>>> the criminal regime through the military or citizen uprising. Such a method >>>>>>>>>> of seeing democracy (eventually) shouldn't be ruled out even though it >>>>>>>>>> comes with some problems and I am not being inconsiderate at of the dangers >>>>>>>>>> associated with such an undertaking . I have a very strong feeling that it >>>>>>>>>> is just a matter of time here but the political temperature suggests that >>>>>>>>>> the inevitable will happen sooner than expected. I couldn't convince my >>>>>>>>>> mind otherwise. It is time to defend yourselves. It is time to do it in a >>>>>>>>>> way to liberate country. It is Jihad (struggle), and it one way to free >>>>>>>>>> your nation. Look up to the pioneers of democracy, therein lies the >>>>>>>>>> solution. In our own, elections to remove Jammeh and establishment of a >>>>>>>>>> healthy democracy is a long term agenda, and for the short time, Jammeh >>>>>>>>>> needs to be booted out by any necessary means. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On a note, great piece Nyang. I appreciate your substance, >>>>>>>>>> independence, and like LJD, I too celebrate your submissions. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Happy labor holiday in advance! >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Warm regards, >>>>>>>>>> Yero. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> "There is no god but Allah; & Muhammad (SAW) is His messenger" >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Kind Regards, >>>>>>>>>> Yero. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2014 22:22:50 +0100 >>>>>>>>>> From: [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> Subject: STRATEGIC AND GERMANE ADVISE FROM M NYANG courtesy >>>>>>>>>> GAINAKO >>>>>>>>>> To: [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> or Political Change >>>>>>>>>> [image: download (3)] >>>>>>>>>> The Bends, the Curves, the Home-Straight, Keeping the Eyes on the >>>>>>>>>> Prize Towards a Strategic Home and Diaspora partnership for Political Change — >>>>>>>>>> August 26, 2014 0 Comments 12 >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> translation servicesTranslate | French translationSpanish >>>>>>>>>> translationtranslate Germantranslate Chinese >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> *[image: Gambian Flag]Part 2 of 3* >>>>>>>>>> By Modou Nyang >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> In the contours of democratic political change in the Gambia the >>>>>>>>>> climax in the collaboration between home and diaspora forces is represented >>>>>>>>>> in the ushering of NADD into the country’s political lexicography. And now >>>>>>>>>> any subsequent partnership must aim at improving upon that milestone of >>>>>>>>>> political architecture if it is to help deliver the change that still >>>>>>>>>> eludes us in this past two decades. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> The Gambia is not at a political standstill and its narrative >>>>>>>>>> cannot be etched anew at the back of historical perspectives. What is to >>>>>>>>>> follow if it is to be durable must learn from the past in order to >>>>>>>>>> construct a tenable future. Recent efforts in the diaspora at organizing >>>>>>>>>> the multitude of voices into a unified force seems all but inflicted with >>>>>>>>>> ignorance if not the total disregard of past lessons. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Diaspora Gambians are becoming more engaged and interested in the >>>>>>>>>> political life of their country and that is a good thing. From the ire and >>>>>>>>>> disgust shown following the killings of the nine prisoners in 2012 and now >>>>>>>>>> to every policy utterance in Banjul that deviates from the accepted norms >>>>>>>>>> and dictates of the laws of the country, young men and women are paying >>>>>>>>>> attention and sharing their views. For the first time in Gambian history >>>>>>>>>> protest marches were organized from London to New York, Atlanta and >>>>>>>>>> Brussels, Seattle and Dakar to show displeasure in Jammeh’s unwarranted >>>>>>>>>> killing of the prisoners. And now because it seems the only potent tool at >>>>>>>>>> their disposal protests marches and demonstrations is now the rallying call >>>>>>>>>> for the activists. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> But protestations and manifestations especially in far flung >>>>>>>>>> lands away from the main theater might take too long if ever they will bear >>>>>>>>>> the desired effect of changing the status quo in Banjul. And herein lies >>>>>>>>>> the need to link the actions in the diaspora with those on the ground for >>>>>>>>>> maximal effect. The fact that people can confront president Jammeh in New >>>>>>>>>> York and hurl invectives at him without being reprimanded is a good enough >>>>>>>>>> reason not to ask the guy in the streets of Serekunda to do the same >>>>>>>>>> because he will not enjoy similar fate as his contemporary in New York. >>>>>>>>>> Preaching to the choir is never a savvy political device. >>>>>>>>>> What the young men and women in the Gambia have at their disposal >>>>>>>>>> is to organize around existing political instruments to manifest their >>>>>>>>>> displeasure at what is happening in their country. In the existing >>>>>>>>>> political infrastructure, opposition forces have at their base the youths >>>>>>>>>> representing a critical element with the capability to galvanizing their >>>>>>>>>> country folks into action and taking back their country and refocusing its >>>>>>>>>> course. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> But often in the diaspora activists dismiss as simpletons every >>>>>>>>>> talk about rallying the cause for change through legal democratic means. >>>>>>>>>> And the wonder in that is how come a protester in New York considers his >>>>>>>>>> actions more effectual than the one that organizes internally and close to >>>>>>>>>> home and to undoing the common problem. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Fact is, political change is brought about through the >>>>>>>>>> manifestations of the internal dynamics of a given society and such affects >>>>>>>>>> need to be worked on actively in order to attain the desired effect. >>>>>>>>>> Passivity is never a potent political tool and cannot be a wholesome >>>>>>>>>> substitute for active internal organization. What is required is the >>>>>>>>>> coupling of the two for optimal gain. This is why diaspora Gambians must >>>>>>>>>> build on their united efforts for protestations and move on to concretely >>>>>>>>>> charting strategies and activities with the ground forces. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Change can never be sustained at the back of the people. Hence >>>>>>>>>> the opposition forces must be encouraged and enabled in their work to >>>>>>>>>> organize the people. Only an organized people can withstand the most >>>>>>>>>> arduous of challenges thrown in their path to salvation. And this crucial >>>>>>>>>> work can only be implemented in today’s Gambia, by those on the ground >>>>>>>>>> working with the people. In the Gambia there exist no civil society body >>>>>>>>>> that is invested in the business of organizing the people around their >>>>>>>>>> civic rights and responsibilities. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Needless to say, the opposition parties are the only existing >>>>>>>>>> lifeline for democratic change in the Gambia and they most intensify their >>>>>>>>>> work in preparing and agitating the people for change. And for Gambians in >>>>>>>>>> the diaspora, even if only for a moment will pause the ecstatic frenzy for >>>>>>>>>> nothingness and direct their energy towards a holistic partnership with the >>>>>>>>>> ground forces, the current madness in Banjul will be confined to its right >>>>>>>>>> place: the dustbin of history. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> 1,035 total views, 1,035 views today >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>>> >>>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> -- >>>>>> *"Be the change you want to see in the World"* >>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>> >>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>>> >>>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To >>>>>> contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>> >>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>>>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>> >>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>>>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>>>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>>>> >>>>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>>>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>>>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>>>> [log in to unmask] >>>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>>>> >>>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>> >>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>> [log in to unmask] >>> <javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml',[log in to unmask]);> >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>> >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To >>> unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web >>> interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html >>> >>> To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: >>> http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact >>> the List Management, please send an e-mail to: >>> [log in to unmask] >>> <javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml',[log in to unmask]);> >>> ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ >>> >> >> > ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤ To unsubscribe/subscribe or view archives of postings, go to the Gambia-L Web interface at: http://listserv.icors.org/archives/gambia-l.html To Search in the Gambia-L archives, go to: http://listserv.icors.org/SCRIPTS/WA-ICORS.EXE?S1=gambia-l To contact the List Management, please send an e-mail to: [log in to unmask] ¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤