I'm wondering if food intake had something to do with the fat gain. The exercisers were instructed to maintain the same diet as before the exercise regime was commenced -- but how do they know the exercisers did this? I understand some people do not get hungrier from exercise -- but plenty do. Also, there is the psycological thing going on where an exerciser may eat a normally forbidden goody and justify it by thinking they've "worked it off." I just cannot believe that with a strictly controlled diet (not just instructing overweight exercisers to eat as they always have), overweight women who commence exercise along with the diet would gain fat. I just do not believe it and I don't think the studies done are convincing. Too many unknown variables. Most overweight people lie to themselves all the time about what and how much they eat. I witnessed it first hand coming from a family with lots of obesity.