I got carageenan from the "Milk Related Ingredients" list (as a _possible_ indicator of milk protein presence) on the list server. To get a copy of this list, send an email with the line GET NO-MILK MRI to [log in to unmask] Since this is the NO-MILK list, I'm trusting that it's a reliable source and that carageenan must sometimes indicate the presence of milk protein. Can anyone tell us why it's on the list? I just checked out the links you gave and it looks to me as though this may be the reason: "Forms strongest gel with calcium ions" Perhaps those calcium ions are sometimes derived from milk products. Just a guess. Cheryl