Excellent question.

I am playing around with a modified anabolic diet, known as (the moderate
version of) the Metabolic diet.  It was developed by Dr. Mauro DiPasquale
and is detailed on his website www.metabolicdiet.com.  I think that it is
important to periodically refill one's muscles with the glycogen that
carbohydrates contain, but I don't think that it must be after a workout.
More specifically, he proposes that you stuff yourself with carbs over the
weekend, and then do your heavy lifting early in the week while there is
still ample glycogen.