fatness
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The following suggests that high fat diets may contribute to childhood obesity:

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Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Jul;58(1):21-28

Relationship between diet composition and body
fatness, with adjustment for resting energy
expenditure and physical activity, in
preadolescent children.

Gazzaniga JM, Burns TL

We examined the relationship between diet composition and body
fatness in 48 children (25 girls, 23 boys) aged 9-11 y. Subjects were
identified for two study groups, non-obese [triceps skinfold (TSF)
thickness < 85th percentile] and obese (TSF thickness > or = 85th
percentile). Measures for dietary intake, physical activity, resting
energy expenditure (REE), and body composition were obtained by
three 24-h dietary and activity recalls; indirect calorimetry; and
anthropometrics, respectively. Percentage of body fat correlated
positively with intakes of total (P < 0.0001), saturated (P < 0.01),
monounsaturated (P < 0.0001), and polyunsaturated (P < 0.01) fatty
acids, and negatively with carbohydrate intake (P < 0.001) and total
energy intake adjusted for body weight (P < 0.001). After adjustment
for study group, energy intake, REE, and physical activity, the
associations remained for total, saturated, and monounsaturated fatty
acid and carbohydrate intakes. These data suggest that diet
composition, independent of total energy intake, REE, and physical
activity may contribute to childhood obesity.