On Tue, 8 Feb 2000, Dr. James Alpigini wrote:

> The calorie "formula" makes sense if it were maintenance, but I have been
> actually gaining bodyfat.  Previously, I would loose, albeit slowly,  below
> 2000.  Now to get the weight to drop requires me to be in the 1600 to 1800
> range.  My protein/fat ratio is the same as before and I've used the
> ketosticks to ensure that I was in ketosis.  There seem to be two real
> changes.  First, I've replaced the cheese, butter and cream with olive oil,
> more oily fish like salmon, etc.  Second, my metabolism seems to have
> slowed down a good 400 calories per day.

On the face of it, it sounds like you have lost muscle.  But if
your strength has not declined this is unlikely.  I'd recommend
an experiment: Go back to using the cheese, butter and cream and
see if you return to your former metabolic rate.

Here's another long-shot guess.  Dairy fats are a source of
conjugated linoleic acid.  Olive oil and fish oil are not.  CLA
itself tends to cause body fat loss, and milk fat is the main
source.  Beef fat would also be a source, but not, according to
what I have read, grain-fed beef.  Just a guess.

Todd Moody
------------------------------------------------------

Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 2000 Jan;223(1):8-13

Mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid: evidence and
speculation.

Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to inhibit
carcinogenesis and atherosclerosis, enhance immunologic function
while protecting against the catabolic effects of immune
stimulation, affect body composition change (reducing body fat
gain while enhancing lean body mass gain), and stimulate the
growth of young rats. We discuss possible biochemical mechanisms
that underlie these physiological effects. We emphasize the
importance of considering the effects, both individually and
combined, of the two CLA isomers (cis-9, trans-11 CLA and
trans-10, cis-12 CLA) that have been shown to exhibit biological
activity and which appear to exert their effects via different
biochemical mechanisms.

UI: 20098757

----------

Toxicol Sci 1999 Dec;52(2 Suppl):107-10

Conjugated linoleic acid and the control of cancer and obesity.

Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME

Food Research Institute, Department of Food Microbiology and
Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706-1187, USA.
[log in to unmask]

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in animals are
reviewed. In most of the CLA preparations that have been
investigated to date for biological activity, two CLA isomers are
present in about equal concentrations: cis-9,trans-11 CLA, and
trans-10,cis-12 CLA. The occurrence of these isomers in foods and
their production by rumen microorganisms are discussed. Potential
mechanisms of action as regards the effects of CLA on cancer and
body composition are reviewed, including recent evidence that
body composition changes are produced by the trans-10,cis-12 CLA
isomer. Evidence is presented indicating that CLA may modulate
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The
mechanistic implications of this finding are considered.

UI: 20094294
----------