Went to look for this:
A
HREF="http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/14/science/14ACAD.html"
>Click here:
Science Panel Disputes Report on Bad Vaccine</A>



Found this;

Scientists Rough Out Humanity's 50,000-Year-Old Story
By NICHOLAS WADE


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Regards,  Lorenzo


Parts follow:

From what had seemed like irreversible oblivion,
archaeologists and population geneticists believe they are
on the verge of retrieving a record of human history
stretching back almost 50,000 years.

The record, built on a synthesis of archaeological and
genetic data, would be a bare bones kind of history without
individual names or deeds. But it could create a chronicle
of events, however sketchy, between the dawn of the human
species at least 50,000 years ago and the beginning of
recorded history in 3,500 B.C. The events would be the dated
migrations of people from one region to another, linked with
the archaeological cultures and perhaps with development of
the world's major language groups.

The new element in this synthesis is the increasing power of
geneticists to look back in time and trace the history of
past populations from analysis of the DNA of people alive
today.

"It is astonishing how much archaeology is beginning to
learn from genetics," Dr. Colin Renfrew, a leading
archaeologist at the University of Cambridge in England,
said at a conference on human origins held last month at the
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island.

In one of the most detailed genetic reconstructions of
population history so far, Dr. Martin Richards of the
University of Huddersfield in England and many colleagues
have traced the remarkably ancient ancestry of the
present-day population of Europe.

Some 6 percent of Europeans are descended from the
continent's first founders, who entered Europe from the Near
East in the Upper Paleolithic era 45,000 years ago, Dr.
Richards calculates. The descendants of these earliest
arrivals are still more numerous in certain regions of
Europe that may have provided them with refuge from
subsequent waves of immigration. One is the mountainous
Basque country, where people still speak a language
completely different from all other European languages.
Another is in the European extreme of Scandinavia. Another
80 percent arrived 30,000 to 20,000 years ago, before the
peak of the last glaciation, and 10 percent came in the
Neolithic 10,000 years ago, when the ice age ended and
agriculture was first introduced to Europe from the Near
East.

It used to be thought that the most important human
dispersals occurred in the Neolithic, prompted by the
population increases made possible by the invention of
agriculture. But it now seems that the world filled up early
and the first inhabitants were quite resistant to
displacement by later arrivals.

Dr. Richards's estimates, reported in the current issue of
The American Journal of Human Genetics, are based on
analysis of mitochondrial DNA, a genetic element that occurs
in both men and women but that is transmitted only through
the mother; thus, they reflect only the movement of women.

The movement of men can be followed through analysis of the
Y chromosome, but the Y chromosome is harder to work with
and data are only just now becoming available. In an article
in the current issue of Science, Dr. Peter A. Underhill of
Stanford University and colleagues reported the first
analysis of the European population in terms of the Y
chromosome. Although this agrees with the mitochondrial DNA
findings in major outline, suggesting that Europe was
populated mostly in the Paleolithic period with additions in
the Neolithic, there are some points of difference.

The earliest migration into Europe according to
mitochondrial DNA took place from the Near East 45,000 years
ago, but Dr. Underhill and his colleagues said they could
see no corresponding migration in the Y chromosome data.