The Korean survey is in line with several studies suggesting that sodium
chloride causes stomach cancer.

*Epidemiology and reviews:
1  Cordle F. The use of epidemiology, scientific data, and regulatory
authority to determine risk factors in cancers of some organs of the
digestive system. 5. Stomach cancer. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1986; 6:
171-80.
2  Joosens JV, Geboers J. Dietary salt and risks to health. Am J Clin Nutr
1987; 45: 1277-88.
3  Howson CP et al. The decline in gastric cancer: epidemiology of an
unplanned triumph. Epidemiol Rev 1986; 8: 1-27.

*Case-control studies:
4  Coggon D et al. Stomach cancer and food storage. J Natl Cancer Inst
1989; 81: 1178-82.
5  Graham S et al. Diet in the epidemiology of gastric cancer. Nutr Cancer
1990; 13: 19-34.
6  Tuyns A. Salt and gastrointestinal cancer. Nutr Cancer 1988; 11: 229-32.
7  Haenszel W et al. Stomach cancer among Japanese in Hawaii. J Natl Cancer
Inst 1972; 49: 969-88.
8  Hu J et al. Diet and cancer of the stomach: a case-control study in
China. Int J Cancer 1988; 41: 331-5.

*Experimental studies in rats:
9  Shirai T et al. Effects of butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated
hydroxytoluene, and NaCl on gastric carcinogenesis initiated with
N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in F344 rats. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984;
72: 1189-98.
10  Takahashi M et al. Effects of sodium chloride, saccharin, phenobarbital
and aspirin on gastric carcinogenesis with
N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Gann 1984; 75: 494-501.
11  Kim JP et al. Co-carcinogenic effects of several Korean foods on
gastric cancer induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in rats. Jpn
J Surg 1985; 15: 427-37.
12  Tatematsu M et al. Effects in rats of sodium chloride on experimental
gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 55: 101-6.

Staffan Lindeberg, M.D. Ph.D.
Dept of Community Health Sciences, Lund University, Mailing address:
Primary Health Care Centre, Sjobo, S-22738 Sweden, +46 416 28140, Fax +46
416 18395 <[log in to unmask]>
http://www.panix.com/~paleodiet/lindeberg/