* Today in Black History - December 12 *
1870 - Joseph Hayne Rainey is the first African American to serve in
Congress representing South Carolina. He is sworn in to fill
an unexpired term.
1872 - U.S. Attorney General George Williams sends a telegram to "Acting
Governor Pinchback," saying that the African American politician
"was recognized by the President as the lawful executive of
Louisiana."
1899 - Boston native, dentist, and avid golfer, George F. Grant receives
a patent for a wooden golf tee. Prior to the use of the tee, wet
sand was used to make a small mound to place the ball. Grant's
invention will revolutionize the manner in which golfers swing at
the ball.
1911 - Josh Gibson is born. He will become the home run king of the
Negro Baseball League.
1912 - Henry Armstrong is born in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1938 he will
become the first boxer to hold three titles after winning the
lightweight boxing championship.
1913 - James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens is born in Oakville, Alabama. He
will become a world-class athlete in college, setting world
records in many events. He will go on to win 4 gold medals in
the 1936 Berlin Olympics, spoiling Hitler's plans to showcase
Aryan sports supremacy.
1918 - Famed jazz singer Joe Williams is born in Cordele, Georgia.
Williams will sing for seven years in Count Basie's band, where
he will record such hits as "Every Day I have the Blues."
1929 - Vincent Smith is born in New York City. Smith will exhibit his
works on four continents and be represented in the collections
of the Museum of Modern Art, the National Museum of American Art,
and the National Museum of Afro-American Artists in Boston.
1938 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Missouri that a state must
provide equal educational facilities for African Americans
within its boundaries. Lloyd Gaines, the plaintiff in the case,
disappears after the decision and is never seen again.
1941 - Dionne Warwick is born in East Orange, New Jersey. Warwick will
sing in a gospel trio with her sister Dee Dee and cousin Cissy
Houston, and begin her solo career in 1960 singing the songs of
Burt Bacharach and Hal David. She will become a three-time
Grammy winner.
1943 - Grover Washington, Jr. is born. He will become a reknown jazz
artist and famous for his recording of "Mr. Magic."
1961 - Martin Luther King Jr., along with over seven hundred demonstrators
is arrested in Albany, Ga., after five mass marches on city hall
to protest segregation. The arrests trigger the militant Albany
movement.
1963 - Kenya achieves its independence from Great Britain with Jomo
Kenyatta as its first prime minister.
1963 - Medgar Wiley Evers is awarded the Spingarn Medal posthumously for
his civil rights leadership.
1965 - Johnny Lee, an actor best known for his portrayal of "Calhoun" on
"The Amos 'n' Andy Show," joins the ancestors at the age of 67.
1965 - Gale Sayers, of the Chicago Bears, scores 6 touchdowns and ties
the NFL record.
1968 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first African American to be ranked Number
One in tennis.
1975 - The National Association of Black Journalists is formed in
Washington, DC. Among its founding members are Max Robinson,
who will become the first African American anchor of a national
network news program, and Acel Moore, a future Pulitzer Prize
winner.
1979 - Rhodesia becomes the independent nation of Zimbabwe.
1986 - Bone Crusher Smith knocks out WBA champion Tim Witherspoon in
Madison Square Garden in New York City.
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