* Today in Black History - June 19 *
1809 - The first African Baptist Church in the U.S. became
an organized body in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1862 - Slavery is abolished in U.S. territories by Congress.
1864 - In a famous duel between the USS Kearsage and the CSS
Alabama off Cherbourg, France, a brave African American
sailor, Joachim Pease, displays "marked coolness" and
will win a Congressional Medal of Honor. The CSS
Alabama will be sunk.
1865 - Although the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in
1863, slavery will continue in Texas, until General
Gordon Granger arrives in Galveston with Union forces,
announcing that all slaves in Texas are free. One
third of the people in Texas are slaves. Juneteenth
will be celebrated annually with picnics and barbecues
at public emancipation grounds, some of which will be
used past year 2000. Juneteenth will become a legal
Texas state holiday in 1980. "JUNETEENTH" celebrations
will come to commemorate the emancipation of African
Americans everywhere. It is now a Federal holiday.
1867 - P.B.S. Pinchback urges African Americans to use their
franchise privileges. "The Congress of the United
States has conferred upon our People the Elective
Franchise and it is our important duty to see that we
use it well...."
1868 - Maj. Gen. E.R.S. Canby removes the mayor and aldermen
of Columbia, South Carolina, and makes new appointments,
including three African Americans: C.M. Wilder, Joseph
Taylor and William Simonds.
1914 - Ernest Crichlow is born in Brooklyn, New York. Studying
at the Art Students League, Crichlow will be associated
with the Harlem Art Center during the 1930's as a noted
painter and illustrator whose objectives will be to
advocate social commentary and communication through art.
He will join the ancestors on November 10, 2005.
1926 - DeFord Bailey becomes the first African American
musician to perform on Nashville's Grand Ole Opry show.
1936 - Joe Louis is knocked out by Max Schmeling in the 12th
round of their heavyweight boxing match. The German boxer
earns his victory at Yankee Stadium in New York.
1937 - Bruce Carver Boynton is born in Selma, Alabama. He will
become a civil rights leader who inspired the Freedom Riders
movement and advanced the cause of racial equality by a
landmark supreme court case Boynton v. Virginia. In 1958,
Boynton ordered a cheeseburger while sitting in a whites
only part of a restaurant at a bus station in Richmond,
Virginia. He was arrested for trespassing after he refused
to leave the restaurant and spent one night in jail. He was
a law student at Howard University at the time, and decided
to fight his arrest in court. At trial, he was represented
by Martin A. Martin. He lost his case, but decided to appeal,
until finally his case reached the U.S. Supreme Court. His
case, known as Boynton v. Virginia, was argued by Thurgood
Marshall, who later became a justice of the Supreme Court.
The court overturned Boynton's conviction, affirming that
racial segregation in public transportation was illegal.
In 2018, U.S. District Judge Myron Thompson said of Boynton:
"He did something that very few people would have the courage
to do. He said no. To me he's on par with Rosa Parks,"
referring to the Black woman who did not give up her seat in
the front part of a segregated bus to a white man. Summarizing
his impact, Thompson went on to say, "All he wanted was a
cheeseburger, and he changed the course of history." Boynton's
actions inspired the Freedom Rides in 1961, where activists
rode interstate buses through the Southern United States to
protest segregated bus terminals. While the Freedom Riders were
arrested in a few southern states, including Alabama,
Mississippi, and South Carolina, the actions prompted the then
President John F. Kennedy to pass orders for a strict
enforcement of the federal anti-discrimination laws. Boynton
received a law degree from Howard University; however, Alabama
refused to give him a law license for six years while they
"investigated the circumstances" of Boynton v. Virginia. He was
forced to move to Chattanooga, Tennessee to practice law until
Alabama granted him a license in 1965. He worked as a civil
rights attorney for most of his career until he retired. He
served as Alabama's first Black special prosecutor. In 2018,
Phillip McCallum, executive director of the Alabama State Bar,
issued an apology for the delay in granting Boynton's license.
He will join the ancestors on November 23, 2020.
1946 - Joe Louis fights Billy Conn, in New York City, in the
first championship prize fight to be televised.
1948 - Phylicia Ayers-Allen Rashad, actress is born in Houston, Texas.
She will become an actress, singer and stage director. She
will be known for her role as Clair Huxtable on the NBC sitcom
The Cosby Show (1984-92), which will earn her Emmy Award
nominations in 1985 and 1986. She will be dubbed "The Mother"
of the Black community at the 2010 NAACP Image Awards. In 2004,
she will become the first Black actress to win the Tony Award
for Best Actress in a Play, which she will win for her role in
the revival of "A Raisin in the Sun." Her other Broadway credits
will include "Into the Woods" (1988), "Jelly's Last Jam" (1993),
"Gem of the Ocean" (2004), and "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" (2008).
She will win a NAACP Image Award when she reprises her "A Raisin
in the Sun" role in the 2008 television adaptation. She will
also appear in the films "For Colored Girls" (2010), "Good Deeds"
(2012), "Creed" (2015), and "Creed II" (2018).
1953 - Albert W. Dent, president of Dillard University, is
elected president of the National Health Council.
1953 - A bus boycott begins in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
1959 - Mark DeBarge is born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He will
become a recording artist as a member of the rhythm & blues
group DeBarge. The group will be composed of three brothers,
Randy, James and Eldra and sister Bunny. They will actively
perform from 1978 to 1991.
1964 - The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is approved by the Senate,
73-27, after surviving an 83-day filibuster.
1965 - "I Can't Help Myself" by the Four Tops tops the pop and
Rhythm & Blues charts. The Motown group will get their second
and only other number one hit with "Reach Out I'll Be There"
in 1966. Their other hits include: "It's the Same Old Song",
"Standing in the Shadows of Love", "Bernadette" and "Ain't No
Woman (Like the One I've Got)" (their only million seller).
The group calls Motown, Detroit, Michigan home and got their
start in 1953 as the Four Aims. Levi Stubbs, Renaldo 'Obie'
Benson, Lawrence Payton and Abdul 'Duke' Fakir will place 24
hits on the charts from 1964 to 1988. They first recorded as
The Four Tops for Leonard Chess and Chess Records in 1956;
then went to Red Top and Columbia before signing with Berry
Gordy's Motown label in 1963. The Tops, who will have no
personnel changes in their more than 35 years together will
be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990.
1968 - Fifty thousand demonstrators participate in Solidarity Day
March of the Poor People's Campaign. Marchers walk from the
Washington Monument to the Lincoln Monument, where they are
addressed by Vice President Hubert Humphrey, presidential
candidate Eugene McCarthy, Coretta Scott King and Ralph
Abernathy.
1969 - Illinois State troopers are ordered to Cairo, by the
governor, to quell racially motivated disturbances.
1971 - The mayor of Columbus, Georgia declares a state of emergency
due to racial disturbances.
1978 - Zoe Yadira Saldana Nazario is born in Passaic, New Jersey. She will
become an actress and dancer. Following her performances with the
theater group Faces, she will make her screen debut in a 1999
episode of Law & Order. Her film career will begin a year later
with "Center Stage" (2000), where she will play a struggling ballet
dancer. In 2002, she will play the love interest of Nick Cannon in
"Drumline," a successful movie highlighting the ever popular
marching bands of Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Her
breakthrough will come in 2009 with her first of multiple appearances
as Nyota Uhura in the Star Trek film series and her first appearance
as Neytiri in the Avatar film series. She will also portrays Gamora
in multiple films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with
"Guardians of the Galaxy" (2014).
1986 - Len Bias, a senior at the University of Maryland and the
1st-round pick of the Boston Celtics, joins the ancestors
after suffering a fatal cocaine-induced seizure.
1990 - Opening statements are presented in the drug and perjury
trial of Washington D.C. Mayor Marion S. Barry Jr. Barry is
later convicted of a single count of misdemeanor drug
possession, and sentenced to six months in prison. He will
resume a career in politics after prison, when he is elected
to the D.C. City Council representing Ward 8.
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