* Today in Black History - June 5 *
1783 - Oliver Cromwell, an African American soldier who served in
the Revolutionary War, receives an honorable discharge
signed by George Washington. Cromwell, who will claim to
have been with Washington when he crossed the Delaware and
in the battles of Yorktown, Princeton, and Monmouth, is
cited by Washington as having earned "the Badge of Merit
for six years' faithful service."
1872 - The Republican National Convention meets in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. The meeting marks the first significant
participation of African American delegates: Robert B.
Elliot (chair of the South Carolina delegation); Joseph
Rainey, and John R. Lynch of Mississippi, who each make
addresses to the convention.
1920 - Marion Motley is born in Leesburg, Georgia. He will become
a NFL running back and all-time AAFC rusher for the
Cleveland Browns, ending his career with the Pittsburgh
Steelers. He will enter the NFL in 1946, making him one
of only four African Americans to desegregate the NFL in
the modern era. One of the largest running backs of his
era, Motley will rush for 4,720 yards in his career and
average an astounding 5.7 yards per carry, the highest in
pro football history. He will also be selected to the first
Pro Bowl in 1951. He will be enshrined in the NFL Hall of
Fame in 1968. He will join the ancestors in Cleveland, Ohio
on June 27, 1999.
1940 - The American Negro Theatre is organized in Harlem by
Frederick O'Neal, Abram Hill, and members of the McClendon
Players. Among the plays it will produce is "Anna Lucasta",
which will be presented on Broadway in 1944 and feature
Canada Lee, Ossie Davis, and Ruby Dee.
1945 - John Wesley Carlos is born in Harlem, New York. He will become
a track and field athlete and professional football player. He
will be the bronze-medal winner in the 200 meters at the 1968
Summer Olympics, and his Black Power salute on the podium with
Tommie Smith will cause much political controversy. He will go
on to tie the world record in the 100-yard dash and beat the
200 meters world record (although the latter achievement will
never be certified). After his track career, he will enjoy a
brief stint in the Canadian Football League but will retire
due to injury. He will become involved with the United States
Olympic Committee and help to organize the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Following this he will become a track coach at Palm Springs High
School. He will be inducted into the USA Track & Field Hall of
Fame in 2003. He will author, with sportswriter Dave Zirin, "The
John Carlos Story: The Sports Moment That Changed the World,"
that will be published in 2011 by Haymarket Books. He will be
awarded an honorary doctorate from California State University in
2008. In 2012, he will be awarded honorary doctorates from his
alma maters Texas A&M University-Commerce (formerly East Texas
State University) and San Jose State University.
1947 - Frederick Jerome Stewart is born in Vallejo, California. He will
become a pastor and musician, best known as Freddie Stone, a co-
founder, guitarist, and vocalist in the band Sly and the Family
Stone, fronted by his brother Sly and including his sisters
Rosie and Vet. After leaving the band in the mid-1970s, he will
sign a short recording contract with Motown Records.
1952 - Jersey Joe Walcott defeats Ezzard Charles for the
heavyweight boxing title.
1956 - A three-judge federal court rules that racial segregation on
Montgomery city buses is unconstitutional, ending the
Montgomery bus boycott.
1959 - U.S. Supreme Court undermines the legal foundations of
segregation in three landmark cases, Sweatt v. Painter,
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents and Henderson v. United
States.
1969 - A race riot occurs in Hartford, Connecticut.
1969 - Brian McKnight is born in Buffalo, New York. He will become a
Rhythm & Blues singer-songwriter, arranger, producer, and musician.
He will be a multi-instrumentalist who plays piano, guitar, bass
guitar, percussion, trombone, tuba, flugelhorn and trumpet. He will
be most recognized for his strong falsetto and belting range. His
work will earn him 16 Grammy Awards nominations, though he has never
won to date. He is third only to Morten Lindberg and Snoop Dogg for
the record of most Grammy nominations without a win.
1973 - Doris A. Davis of Compton, California, becomes the first
African American female to govern a metropolitan city.
1973 - Cardiss R. Collins of Chicago, Illinois is elected to Congress. She
will succeed her late husband and spend over twenty years in the U.S.
House of Representatives.
1983 - Yannick Noah becomes the first Frenchman to win the French
Open since World War II.
1988 - Clarence M. Pendleton, Jr. joins the ancestors at the age of 58. He
was the first African American chairman of the United States Civil
Rights Commission (1981-88). Following President Ronald Reagan's
desires, he led the commission toward a "color-blind" approach to
matters of civil rights.
1990 - Dijon Isaiah McFarlane is born in Los Angeles, California. He will
be known professionally as Mustard (formerly DJ Mustard). He will
become a record producer, DJ, record executive and hype man. He will
be a frequent collaborator of Compton-bred rapper YG, and will
produce numerous singles for hip hop and Rhythm & Blues artists since
his entrance into mainstream music in 2011. His production style will
be described as an up-tempo, club oriented, catchy yet rudimentary
melodic hip hop style. This style will snowball into the contemporary
production style of West Coast hip hop during the early 2010s, which
he will call "ratchet music". Almost all of his productions begin or
end with the tag "Mustard on the beat, hoe!", a voice sample of YG,
who will say it at the end of "I'm Good", one of their early
collaborations, as well as claps and repetition of the word "hey".
Mustard's debut album, 10 Summers, will be released on August 26, 2014.
1993 - Breonna Taylor is born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She will graduate from
Western High School and go on to study at the University of Kentucky.
She will work at two hospitals, University of Louisville Jewish Hospital
and Norton Healthcare. According to her personnel records, she worked
for the city of Louisville from January to November 2016 and she was
promoted to be an Emergency medical technician on June of 2016, which
her parents said she was proud of that career path. She will join the
ancestors on March 13, 2020 after being shot and killed during a police
raid of her home. The officers entered Breonna's home without knocking
and without announcing themselves as police officers. The policemen then
proceeded to spray gunfire into the residence with a total disregard for
the value of human life. At the time of her transition, she was working
for KentuckyOne Health University of Louisville Hospital - Louisville,
Kentucky. On May 28, around 500 to 600 demonstrators marched in Downtown
Louisville, where people chanted "No justice, no peace, prosecute police!"
and "Breonna, Breonna, Breonna!
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