*             Today in Black History - November 11               *

1831 - Nat Turner is executed for organizing and leading the armed
        slave insurrection in Jerusalem, Southampton County, Virginia.
        One of our greatest freedom fighters joins the ancestors.

1890 - D. McCree is granted a patent for the portable fire escape.

1895 - Bechuanaland becomes part of the Cape Colony in Africa.

1915 - Claude Clark, Sr. is born near Rockingham, Georgia.  He will
        study at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Barnes
        Foundation, and the University of California, Berkeley, and
        become a renowned artist whose studies of urban life and
        social realism will be exhibited widely, including the New
        York World's Fair of 1939, the Sorbonne, the Oakland Museum,
        the Museum of African American Art in Los Angeles and in the
        major group exhibits Hidden Heritage: Afro-American Art
        1800-1950 and Two Centuries of Black American Art.

1918 - The Armistice is signed, ending World War I.  Official records
        listed 370,000 African American soldiers and 1400 African
        American commissioned officers.  A little more than half of
        of these soldiers served in the European Theater.  Three
        African American regiments -- the 369th, 371st, and 372nd --
        recieved the Croix de Guerre for valor.  The 369th was the
        first American unit to reach the Rhine river (which separates
        France from Germany).  The first American soldiers to be
        decorated for bravery in France were Henry Johnson and
        Needham Roberts of the 369th Infantry Regiment.

1925 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is awarded to James Weldon Johnson,
        former U.S. consul in Venezuela and Nicaragua and NAACP
        executive secretary, for his work as an author, diplomat and
        leader.

1928 - Ernestine Anderson is born in Houston, Texaco.  Her introduction
        to jazz singing will begin at age 12 at the Eldorado Ballroom
        in Houston.  She will perform with Russell Jaquet, Johnny Otis,
        and Lionel Hampton and be known for her warm, blues-influenced
        vocals.

1929 - LaVern Baker is born in Chicago, Illinois.  She will become a
        rhythm & blues vocalist.  She will be known for her recordings
        of "Tweedly Dee", "I Cried a Tear", and "Jim Dandy."

1950 - Otis Armstrong is born.  He will become a NFL runningback and
        the AFC's leading rusher in 1974 with the Denver Broncos.

1965 - Prime Minister Ian D. Smith of Rhodesia proclaims independence
        from Great Britain.

1968 - Ronnie Devoe is born.  He will become a singer with the groups
        "New Edition" and "Bell, Biv, and Devoe."

1972 - Carl T. Rowan, journalist, becomes the first African American
        elected to the 'Gridiron Club."

1975 - Angola gains independence from Portugal after 500 years of
        colonial rule.

1979 - The Bethune Museum and Archives is established in Washington,
        DC.  The goal of the museum, which is housed in the Mary McLeod
        Bethune Council House, is to serve as a depository and center
        for African American women's history.

1984 - Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. dies of a heart attack in
        Atlanta, Georgia.  Better known as "Daddy King," he was the
        father of famed civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and
        was himself, an early civil rights leader.  The elder King
        was pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, the center
        for much of his son's civil rights activity.

1985 - The city of Yonkers, New York is found guilty of segregating
        in schools & housing.

1989 - The Civil Rights Memorial is dedicated in Montgomery, Alabama.

1995 - The European Union's 15 member states decide to pull their
        envoys out of Lagos to show their anger at Nigeria's execution
        of human rights leaders.

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