* Today in Black History - January 22 *
1801 - Haitian liberator, Toussaint L'Ouverture, enters Santiago to
battle the French Armed Forces.
1891 - The "Lodge Bill," which called for federal supervision of U.S.
elections, is abandoned in the Senate after a Southern
filibuster.
1906 - Twenty-eight-year-old Meta Vaux Warrick's sculpture "Portraits
from Mirrors" is exhibited at the 101st Annual Exhibition of
the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. Although it is one of the first major showings
of her work, the young Warrick (later Fuller) has already
studied sculpture with the legendary Auguste Rodin and had
her work exhibited in Paris at S. Bing's Gallery Nouveau.
1920 - William Caesar Warfield is born in West Helena, Arkansas, the
eldest of five sons. He will become a singer and have his
recital debut in New York's famous Town Hall on March 19,
1950, putting him into the front ranks of concert artists
overnight. His career will span almost fifty years and among
his frequent appearances in foreign countries, this artist
has made six separate tours for the U.S. Department of State,
more than any other American solo artist. He will receive
a Grammy in the "Spoken Word" category (1984) for his
outstanding narration of Aaron Copeland's "A Lincoln Portrait"
accompanied by the Eastman Philharmonic Orchestra. He is
best known for his role in "Showboat." He will join the
ancestors on August 26, 2002.
1924 - James Louis (J.J.) Johnson is born in Indianapolis, Indiana.
He will become one of the greatest trombonists and composers
in jazz. He will be originally influenced by Fred Beckett of
Harlan Leonard's band. Soon thereafter, he will join Benny
Carter. He will play with Count Basie (1945-1946) and record
his first solo improvisation. During the 1954-1956 period,
J.J. Johnson will take a brief break from bands and team up
with Kai Winding for a commercially successful trombone duo.
He will prefer the use of pure tones when playing the trombone,
focusing on line, interval and accent. His solos will show
virtuosity because of their remarkable mobility, which many
artists find difficult to duplicate or imitate. These
endeavors will be fruitless in the early 1950s and for a
couple of years he will work as a blueprint inspector. In the
1970s, Johnson will move from New Jersey to California,
concentrating exclusively on film and television scoring. In
1984, Johnson will reenter the jazz scene with a tour of the
"European Festival Circuit." He will be voted into the Down
Beat Hall of Fame in 1995. He will join the ancestors on
February 4, 2001, after committing suicide by shooting himself.
1931 - Samuel "Sam" Cooke is born in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He will
grow up in Chicago, Illinois, after moving there with his
family in 1933. He will become a singer and be best known for
his recordings "You Send Me" and "Twisting the Night Away."
Cooke will be one of the most popular singers of the 1960's.
He will join the ancestors on December 11, 1964. He will be
inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 23,
1986.
1960 - Sugar Ray Robinson loses the Middleweight Boxing Championship
to Paul Pender in a 15-round decision.
1961 - Wilma Rudolph, the 1960 Olympic gold medalist and track star,
sets a world indoor mark in the women's 60-yard dash, with a
speedy 6.9 seconds in a meet held in Los Angeles, California.
1962 - Baseball Writers elect Jackie Robinson into the Baseball Hall
of Fame.
1973 - George Foreman takes the heavyweight boxing title away from
'Smokin' Joe Frazier in Kingston, Jamaica in the second round.
Foreman will knock 'Smokin' Joe down six times on his way to
victory.
1981 - Samuel Pierce is named Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD). One of the few African Americans in the
Reagan administration, there will be high expectations for
his potential to effect change, but Pierce's leadership will
be severely questioned as scandal rocks his department in
1989. An estimated $ 2 billion will be lost due to fraud and
mismanagement during Pierce's tenure.
1988 - Heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson knocks out former
champion Larry Holmes in 4 rounds.
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