* Today in Black History - November 9 *
1731 - Benjamin Banneker is born in Ellicott Mills (now Ellicott City),
Maryland. He will become the builder of the first clock made
in America. He also will become the key figure in the design
of Washington, DC after Pierre L'Enfant quit and took his plans
for DC with him. Banneker was able to save the project by
reproducing the plans from memory, in two days, a complete layout
of the streets, parks, and major buildings. From 1792 to 1802,
Banneker will publish an annual Farmer's Almanac, for which he
did all the calculations himself. He will join the ancestors in
1806.
1868 - The Howard University Medical School opens with eight students.
1868 - Arkansas Governor Powell Clayton, declares martial law in ten
counties and mobilizes the state militia in a Ku Klux Klan
crisis.
1923 - Dorothy Dandridge is born in Cleveland, Ohio. She will try
vaudeville and a stint at the Cotton Club before finding her
most noteworthy success as an actress. She will appear in
such works as "Porgy and Bess" and minor movie roles before
her big break in a series of low-budget movies including
"Tarzan's Perils". While simultaneously maintaining a
singing career, Dandridge will have her greatest success in
"Carmen Jones" opposite Harry Belafonte, Pearl Bailey, Diahann
Carroll, and Brock Peters, which will earn her an Academy
Award nomination, a first for an African American actress.
She will join the ancestors on September 8, 1965.
1925 - Oscar Micheaux's movie "Body and Soul" is released. It marks
the film debut of Paul Robeson.
1931 - Eugene "Big Daddy" Lipscomb is born. He will become a
professional football star with the old Baltimore Colts. He
will enter the NFL without ever playing college football. He
will be considered one of the greatest defensive tackles in
NFL history. He will join the ancestors in May, 1963.
1935 - Robert "Bob" Gibson is born in Omaha, Nebraska. He will become
a professional baseball player and pitcher for the St. Louis
Cardinals. He will be the National League MVP in 1968. During
his career, he will amass 3,000 career strike-outs, win the Cy
Young Award in 1968 and 1970, win the Baseball Writers Award in
1968, pitch in the 1964, 1967, and 1968 World Series, and win
Nine Gold Glove Awards. He will enter the National Baseball
Hall of Fame in 1981.
1961 - The Professional Golfers Association eliminates their
Caucasians only rule.
1965 - Willie Mays is named the National League's Most Valuable
Player.
1970 - William L. Dawson, Democratic congressman and party leader,
in Chicago, Illinois, joins the ancestors at the age of 84.
1976 - The United Nations General Assembly endorses 10 resolutions
condemning apartheid in South Africa, including one that
says the white-only government is "illegitimate."
1982 - Sugar Ray Leonard retires from professional boxing for the
first time, because of a recurring eye problem sustained in
a welterweight title match.
1990 - Freedom Bank in New York City, one of the largest African
American-owned banks in the nation, is declared insolvent.
Its losses in 1988-1989 totaled $4.7 million, and it was
expected to lose $2 million in 1990. A last-minute effort
to revive the bank by raising funds from the local Harlem
community will fail to meet the government-imposed deadline.
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