* Today in Black History - June 27 *
1833 - The operator of an academy for African American females
in Canterbury, Connecticut, Prudence Crandall - a white
woman, is arrested for providing this service.
1872 - Paul Laurence Dunbar, short story writer, is born in
Dayton, Ohio. He will be so talented and versatile that he
will succeed in two worlds. He will be so adept at
writing verse in Black English that he will become known
as the "poet of his people," while also cultivating a white
audience that appreciated the brilliance and value of his
work. "Majors and Minors" (1895), Dunbar's second
collection of verse, will be a remarkable work containing
some of his best poems in both Black and standard English.
When the country's reigning literary critic, William Dean
Howells reviews "Majors and Minors" favorably, Dunbar
becomes famous. And Howells' introduction in "Lyric of
Lowly Life" (1896) will help make Dunbar the most popular
African American writer in America at the time. Dunbar will
join the ancestors after succumbing to tuberculosis in 1906.
The U.S. Postal Service will issue a commemorative stamp in
his honor on May 1, 1975.
1890 - George Dixon, a Canadian, becomes the first person of
African descent to win a world boxing championship. He
defeats Nunc Wallace to win the bantamweight title. He will
also become the first person of African descent to win an
American title in any sport, when he knocks out Cal McCarthy
in 1891.
1914 - The United States signs a treaty of commerce with Ethiopia.
1919 - Archibald H. Grimke', noted lawyer and civil rights advocate
who had served as U.S. Consul in Santo Domingo, Dominican
Republic and president of the American Negro Academy among
his accomplishments, receives the NAACP's Spingarn Medal. An
original member of the "Committee of Forty" that helped
establish the NAACP, Grimke' is honored for his "years of
distinguished service to his race and country."
1941 - Richard Wright is awarded the Spingarn Medal. He is cited for
the power of his books "Uncle Tom's Children" and "Native Son"
in depicting "the effects of proscription, segregation and
denial of opportunities on the American Negro."
1960 - British Somaliland becomes part of Somalia.
1967 - A racially motivated disturbance occurs in Buffalo, New York.
200 persons are arrested. The disturbance will last four days.
1970 - The Jackson Five: Marlon, Tito, Jackie, Jermaine and Michael,
jump to number one on the music charts with "The Love You Save".
The song will stay at the top of the charts for a two week run.
It will be the third of four number-one hits in a row for the
group. The other three are: "I Want You Back", "ABC" and "I'll
Be There". In 15 years, from 1969 to 1984, The Jackson Five/
Jacksons will have 23 hits, score two platinum singles ("Enjoy
Yourself" and "Shake Your Body [Down To The Ground]") and one
gold record ("State of Shock").
1972 - Patricia Roberts Harris, the first African American U.S.
Ambassador, is named permanent chairman of the Democratic
National Convention. The Mattoon, Illinois native will later
break new ground as Secretary of Health and Human Services and
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
1977 - Djibouti gains independence from France. Djibouti is located
in East Africa, bordered by Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the
Gulf of Aden.
1978 - Henry Rono of Kenya sets a world record for 3,000 meters,
running in 7 minutes 32 and 1/10 seconds.
1979 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules, in Weber v. Kaiser Aluminum and
Chemical Corporation, that employers and unions can establish
voluntary programs, including the use of quotas, to aid
minorities in employment.
1988 - Mike Tyson knocks out Michael Spinks in 91 seconds of the
first round, in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
1989 - The Baltimore Orioles beat the Toronto Blue Jays 16-6. Each
team is coached by an African American, Frank Robinson of the
Orioles and Cito Gaston of the Blue Jays. Robinson, who will
direct his team to an 87-75 season, will be named manager of
the year by both the Associated Press and the United Press
International.
1991 - Justice Thurgood Marshall, 82, the first African American on
the U.S. Supreme Court, announces his retirement after 24 years
service, citing "advancing age and medical condition." As chief
counsel for the NAACP, Marshall had played a major role in the
legal fight that led to the Brown v. Board of Education decision,
overturning legal segregation. In his final dissent on the court
on June 27, Marshall says that the court's conservative majority
was recklessly overturning decisions protecting the right of
African Americans and minorities.
1994 - U.S. Coast Guard cutters intercept 1,330 Haitian boat people on
the high seas in one of the busiest days since refugees began
leaving Haiti following a 1991 military coup.
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