*		Today in Black History - September 9         *

1739 - Led by a slave named Jemmy (Cato), a slave revolt occurs 
	in Stono, South Carolina. Twenty-five whites are killed 
	before the insurrection is put down.

1806 - Sarah Mapps Douglass is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
	She is the daughter of renowned abolitionists Robert 
	Douglass, Sr. and Grace Bustill Douglass. As a child, she
	enjoys life among Philadelphia's elite and will be well
	educated by a private tutor. She will become a teacher in 
	New York, but will return to Philadelphia where she will
	operate a successful private school for Black women, 
	giving women of color the opportunity to receive a high 
	school education. As the daughter of one of the 
	Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society's founding 
	members, she will become active in the abolitionist 
	movement at a young age. She will develop a distaste for 
	the prejudices of white Quakers early on and will devote 
	much of her life to combating slavery and racism. She 
	will develop a close friendship with white Quaker 
	abolitionists Sarah and Angelina Grimke. At the urgings 
	of the Grimke sisters, She will attend the Anti-Slavery
	Convention of American Women, held in New York in
	1837--the first national convention of American 
	antislavery women to integrate Black and white members--
	and serve on the ten-member committee on arrangements for
	the convention. Throughout her abolitionist career, she 
	will also serve as recording secretary, librarian, and 
	manager for the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society,
	contribute to both the Liberator and the Anglo-African
	Magazine, become a fundraiser for the Black press, give
	numerous public lectures, and serve as vice-president of 
	the women's branch of the Freedmen's Aid Society. From 
	1853 to 1877, she will serve as a supervisor at the 
	Institute for Colored Youth, a Quaker-sponsored 
	establishment. During this time, she will also acquire 
	basic medical training at the Female Medical College of 
	Pennsylvania and at Pennsylvania Medical University, 
	where she will study female health and hygiene--subjects 
	on which she will lecture in evening classes and at 
	meetings of the Banneker Institute. In 1855, she will 
	marry African American Episcopal clergyman William 
	Douglass. She will join the ancestors on September 8, 1882.

1816 - Rev. John Gregg Fee, the son of white slaveholders, is 
	born in Bracken County, Kentucky. He will become member 
	of the American Missionary Association, and will found a 
	settlement called "Berea" on land donated to him by an 
	admirer, Cassius Marcellus Clay.  It will be later that
	he will be inspired to build a college, adjacent to the
	donated land - Berea College, the first interracial 
	college in the state. During the American Civil War, He
	will work at Camp Nelson to have facilities constructed 
	to support freedmen and their families, and to provide 
	them with education and preaching while the men were being 
	taught to be soldiers. He died on January 11, 1901.

1817 - Captain Paul Cuffe, entrepreneur and civil rights 
	activist, joins the ancestors at the age of 58, in Westport, 
	Masschusetts. Cuffe was a Massachusetts shipbuilder and 
	sea captain. He also was one of the most influential 
	African American freedmen of the eighteenth century. In 
	1780, Cuffe and six other African Americans refused to 
	pay taxes util they were granted citizenship. 
	Massachusetts gave African Americans who owned property 
	the vote three years later.  Although Cuffe became 
	wealthy, he believed that most African Americans would 
	never be completely accepted in white society. In 1816, 
	Cuffe began one of the first experiments in colonizing 
	African	Americans in Africa when he brought a group to 
	Sierra Leone. Cuffe's experiment helped inspire the 
	founding of the American Colonization Society later 
	that year. 

1823 - Alexander Lucius Twilight, becomes the first African 
	American to earn a baccalaureate degree in the United 
	States, when he	graduates from Middlebury College with 
	a BA degree. 
 
1915 - A group of visionary scholars (George Cleveland Hall, 
	W.B. Hartgrove, Alexander L. Jackson, and James E. 
	Stamps) led by Dr. Carter G. Woodson found the 
	Association for the Study of Negro Life and History 
	(ASNLH) in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Woodson is convinced 
	that among scholars, the role of his own people in 
	American history and in the history of other cultures 
	was being either ignored or misrepresented. Dr. Woodson
	realizes the need for special research into the 
	neglected past of the Negro. The association is the 
	only organization of its kind concerned with preserving
	African	American history.

1928 - Silvio Cator of Haiti, sets the then long jump record at 
	26' 0". 

1934 - Sonia Sanchez is born in Birmingham, Alabama.  She will 
	become a noted poet, playwright, short story writer, and 
	author of children's books. She will be most noted for 
	her poetry volumes "We a BaddDDD People", "A Blues Book 
	for Blue Black Magical Women", and anthologies she will 
	edit including "We Be Word Sorcerers: 25 Stories by 
	Black Americans."

1941 - Otis Redding is born in Dawson, Georgia, the son of a 
	Baptist minister. He will become a rhythm and blues 
	musician and singer and will be best known for his 
	recording of "[Sittin' on] The Dock of the Bay," which 
	will be released after he joins the ancestors. Some of 
	his other hits were "I've Been Loving You Too Long", 
	"Respect", and "Try A Little Tenderness." He will join 
	the ancestors on December 10, 1967 after his plane 
	crashes en route to a concert in Madison, Wisconsin.

1942 - Inez Foxx is born in Greensboro, North Carolina. She will
	become a rhythm and blues singer and will perform as 
	part of a duuo act with her brother, Charlie. Their 
	biggest hit will be "Mockingbird" in 1963. They will 
	record together until 1967.

1942 - Luther Simmons is born in New York City, New York. He 
	will become a rhythm and blues singer with the group 
	"The Main Ingredient."  They will be best known for 
	their hit, "Everybody Plays the Fool." 

1945 - Dione LaRue is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  She 
	will become a rhythm and blues singer better known as 
	"Dee Dee Sharp." Her first hit will be "It's Mashed 
	Potato Time" in 1962. She will also record "Gravy" [For 
	My Mashed Potatoes], "Ride!", "Do the Bird", and "Slow 
	Twistin' "(with Chubby Checker).

1957 - President Eisenhower signs the first civil rights bill 
	passed by Congress since Reconstruction.  

1957 - Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth is mobbed when he attempts to 
	enroll his daughters in a "white" Birmingham school.  

1957 - Nashville's new Hattie Cotton Elementary School with 
	enrollment of one African American and 388 whites is 
	virtually destroyed by a dynamite blast.

1962 - Two churches are burned near Sasser, Georgia. African 
	American leaders ask the president to stop the "Nazi-
	like reign of terror in southwest Georgia."

1963 - Alabama Governor George Wallace is served a federal 
	injunction when he orders state police to bar African 
	American students from enrolling in white schools.

1968 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first (and first African 
	American) Men's Singles Tennis Champion of the newly 
	established U.S. Open tennis championships at Forest 
	Hills, New York.

1971 - More than 1,200 inmates at the Attica Correctional 
	Facility in upstate New York gain control of the 
	facility in a well-planned takeover. During the initial
	violence, 50 correctional officers and civilian 
	employees are beaten and taken hostage. Correctional 
	officer William Quinn receives the roughest beating and 
	is soon freed by the inmates due to the severity of his
	injuries. Police handling of the takeover will result 
	in the deaths of many inmates and will turn the nation's 
	interest toward the conditions in U.S. penal 
	institutions.  

1979 - Robert Guillaume wins an Emmy award for 'Best Actor in a
	Comedy Series' for his performances in "Soap".

1981 - Vernon E. Jordan resigns as president of the National 
	Urban League and announces plans to join a Washington DC
	legal firm.  He will be succeeded by John E. Jacob, 
	executive vice president of the league.

1984 - Walter Payton, of the Chicago Bears, breaks Jim Brown's 
	combined yardage record -- by reaching 15,517 yards. 

1985 - President Reagan orders sanctions against South Africa 
	because of that country's apartheid policies.

1990 - Liberian President Samuel K. Doe is captured and joins 
	the ancestors after being killed by rebel forces. In 
	1985, he was elected president, but Charles Taylor and 
	followers overthrew his government in 1989, which will 
	spark a seven-year long civil war.

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