* Today in Black History - March 9 *
1841 - Sengbe Pieh, known as Joseph Cinque, and the surviving African
slaves who revolted on the ship Amistad are ordered freed by
the United States Supreme Court and return to Africa after
successfully appealing their mutiny conviction on grounds that
they were kidnapped by outlawed slave traders. Their defense
attorney is John Quincy Adams, former President of the United
States and a Massachusetts senator. Before reaching the
Supreme Court, U.S. President Martin Van Buren appeals twice
the decision of lower courts to free the slaves. View the
original documents of the U.S. Supreme Court at:
http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/amistad/supreme-court-statement.html
1871 - Oscar Stanton De Priest is born in Florence, Alabama. He will
be the first African American to be elected to Congress from
outside the southern states and the first in the 20th century.
He will represent Illinois for ten years and be an active
advocate for pensions for African American ex-slaves, lynching
prevention, and civil rights improvements. He will join the
ancestors on May 12, 1951.
1891 - The North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University is
founded in Greensboro.
1892 - Three friends of Ida B. Wells-Barnett, prominent African
American businessmen, are lynched in Memphis, Tennessee after
an incident that stemmed from their opening a grocery store
across the street from a white-owned grocery store.
1911 - White firemen of the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific
Railroad struck to protest the hiring of African American
firemen. (For those who don't remember steam engines, firemen
worked in the engine stoking the fire, which kept the steam
generator going)
1914 - The "New" Southern University campus opens in Scotlandville,
Louisiana near Baton Rouge with nine teachers and 47 students.
1930 - Randolph Denard Ornette Coleman is born in Fort Worth, Texas.
He will become a self-taught musician, beginning on alto
saxophone when he is fourteen and moving on to the tenor
saxophone when he is sixteen. He will be influenced by Charlie
Parker, Illinois Jacquet and Big Jay McNeely. A born
improvisionalist, he will find it difficult to fit into his
school band as well as the mainstream groups that he will later
join. It wasn't until the late 1950's that he will be recognized
for his jazz innovations. He will name his musical method
"harmolodics." Many musicians and critics and jazz listeners
will reject his new jazz as formless and abstract. However,
critics of his method will recognize his importance as a
composer. Critics will praise his compositions, including
"Peace," "Lonely Woman," and "Beauty Is a Rare Thing." In 1967
he will win a Guggenheim fellowship, the first granted to a
jazz musician. He will compose and perform film scores,
including "Chappaqua" (1965), "Box Office" (1981), and "Naked
Lunch" (1991). In 1997 the New York Philharmonic will perform
his "Skies of America," a large-scale work that will be first
recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra in 1972. His album
"Sound Grammar" will receive the 2007 Pulitzer Prize for music.
He will join the ancestors on June 11, 2015 after succumbing to
a cardiac arrest.
1931 - Walter F. White is named NAACP executive secretary.
1933 - Lloyd Price is born in Kenner, Louisiana. He will become a
successful Rhythm & Blues artist and will record "Lawdy Miss
Clawdy" ('52 #1 R&B), "Oooh, Oooh, Oooh" ('52 #4 R&B), "Ain't
It A Shame" ('53 #4 R&B), "Just Because" ('57 #3 R&B, #29
Pop), "Stagger Lee" ('58 #1 R&B, #1 Pop), "Where Were You (On
Our Wedding Day)" ('59 #4 R&B, #23 Pop), Personality" ('59 #1
R&B, #2 Pop), and fifteen other hits. He will be inducted into
the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. On March 9, 2010, his
77th birthday, in New Orleans, he will be inducted into the
Louisiana Music Hall of Fame and on June 20, 2010, he will
appear and sing in the season 1 finale of the HBO series "Treme".
1948 - Jeffrey Osborne is born in Providence, Rhode Island. He will
become an accomplished rhythm and blues singer performing as
lead singer for the group LTD. He will later become a
successful solo artist. In 1982, he will released his self-
titled debut album, which features two hit singles, "On the
Wings of Love" and "I Really Don't Need No Light", peaking at
#29 & #39 on the pop chart respectively. This will be followed
up the next year by "Stay with Me Tonight," his first gold
album (later reaching platinum album status), which will spawn
two more hits, "Don't You Get So Mad" (#25) and the title track
(#30). "Stay with Me Tonight" (April 1984, #18) and "On the
Wings of Love" (June 1984, #11) will reach the UK Singles Chart.
In 1985, he will write the lyrics to the Whitney Houston hit
"All at Once" (music by Michael Masser). He will appear on USA
for Africa's fundraising single, "We Are the World" in 1985. He
will later appear on Celebrity Duets in 2006, performing "On The
Wings of Love" with Alfonso Ribeiro. He will lend his vocals to
the theme song of the soap opera, "Loving," from 1992 to 1995 as
well as the first season theme song for the Kirstie Alley comedy
"Veronica's Closet". He will have two more gold albums, "Don't
Stop" and "Emotional," the latter of which will have his highest
charting solo pop hit, "You Should Be Mine", which peaks at #13
in 1986. The following year, he will have the highest-charting
hit of his career duetting with Dionne Warwick on "Love Power",
which reaches #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and also tops the Adult
Contemporary singles chart. This will be a turning point in his
pop success, as his albums and singles begin charting lower and
lower on the pop charts. His 1988 single "She's on the Left" will
be his final Hot 100 entry, as well as his only #1 R&B hit. In the
new millennium, he will return with a series of albums that, while
far from the success he enjoyed in the 1980s, returns him to Adult
R&B radio, scoring modest chart singles such as "Rest of Our Lives"
(#75, 2003) and his cover of Barbara Mason's classic "Yes, I'm
Ready" (#64, 2005).
1964 - Miriam Zenzi Makeba speaks before the United Nations about the
apartheid system in South Africa.
1965 - Three white Unitarian ministers, including the Rev. James J.
Reeb, are attacked with clubs on the streets of Selma,
Alabama, while participating in a civil rights demonstration.
Reeb will later die in a Birmingham, Alabama hospital.
1966 - Andrew F. Brimmer becomes the first African American governor
on the Federal Reserve Board.
1971 - Emmanuel Lewis is born in Brooklyn, New York. He will become
a child actor and will be best known for his 1980s television role
as "Webster." From his role on Webster, he will be nominated for
four Young Artist Awards. In 1984, he will be nominated for Best
Young Actor in a Comedy Series for Webster. In 1985, he will be
nominated for the same award. In 1986, he will be nominated for
Best Young Actor Starring in a Television Series. In 1987, he will
be nominated for Exceptional Performance by a Young Actor Starring
in a Television Comedy or Drama Series. He will be the child
spokesperson for the Burger King Whopper. He will have cameo
appearances in the 2007 film "Kickin' It Old Skool" and a 2013
episode of "Between Two Ferns" with Zach Galifianakis. In Japan, he
will be known as a singer. He will release two singles and his
debut single "City Connection" will reach No. 2 at Oricon chart. On
November 9, 2014 he will appear on Ken Reid's "TV Guidance Counselor"
Podcast. The episode will be recorded live at the Davis Square
Theater in Somerville, MA as part of the 2014 Boston Comedy Festival.
1997 - The popular "gangsta rapper" Notorious B.I.G., whose real name
is Christopher Wallace, joins the ancestors after being killed
in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles, California at the age
of 24.
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