* Today in Black History - December 28 *
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* The Nguzo Saba - The seven principles of Kwanzaa - Principle for *
* Day #3 - Ujima (oo-JEE-mah) Collective Work & Responsibility: To *
* build and maintain our community together and to make our Brother's *
* and Sister's problems, our problems and to solve them together. *
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwanzaa *
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1817 - The American Colonization Society, a private philanthropic
organization, is organized in Washington, DC in the hall of the
House of Representatives, for the purpose of relocating freeborn
and emancipated blacks to Africa. The Society's supporters
espoused a wide range of viewpoints on slavery and the treatment
of blacks, ranging from advocacy of the abolition of slavery to
the removal of the Negro race from the United States. The
primary motivation for this group stemmed from the fact that
there were too many 'free' Blacks in the United States.
1829 - Elizabeth "Mumbet" Freeman joins the ancestors. Freeman, born
into slavery, ran away from her owners after she was mistreated
by her master's wife. She petitioned successfully for her
freedom, citing her knowledge of the Bill of Rights and the new
constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in her
argument that all men were created equal, thereby justifying
her petition for freedom. Her victory effectively abolished
slavery in Massachusetts. Freeman was the great-grandmother of
W.E.B. Dubois, one of America's most renowned scholars,
leaders, and fighters for civil rights.
1903 - Earl Kenneth "Fatha" Hines is born in Duquesne, Pennsylvania. He
will become a jazz pianist and bandleader. He will be one of the
most influential figures in the development of jazz piano and,
according to one major source, is "one of a small number of
pianists whose playing shaped the history of jazz". Trumpeter
Dizzy Gillespie, a member of the Earl Hines big-band along with
Charlie Parker, will write, "The piano is the basis of modern
harmony. This little guy came out of Chicago, Earl Hines. He
changed the style of the piano. You can find the roots of Bud
Powell, Herbie Hancock, all the guys who came after that. If it
hadn't been for Earl Hines blazing the path for the next
generation to come, it's no telling where or how they would be
playing now. There were individual variations but the style of ...
the modern piano came from Earl Hines." Pianist Lennie Tristano
will say, "Earl Hines is the only one of us capable of creating
real jazz and real swing when playing all alone." Horace Silver
will say, "He has a completely unique style. No one can get that
sound, no other pianist". Erroll Garner will say, "When you talk
about greatness, you talk about Art Tatum and Earl Hines". Count
Basie will say that Hines was, "The greatest piano player in the
world". He will be considered the "Father of Modern Jazz Piano."
He will join the ancestors on April 22, 1983.
1918 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is awarded to William Stanley
Braithwaite, poet, literary critic and editor, for
distinguished achievement in literature.
1918 - George H. White joins the ancestors at the age of 66 in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the last of the post
Reconstruction congressmen.
1954 - Denzel Washington is born in Mount Vernon, New York. He will
become an actor, playing Dr. Phillip Chandler for six seasons
on television's "St. Elsewhere." He will receive two Golden Globe
awards, a Tony Award, and two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor
for the historical war drama film "Glory" (1989) and Best Actor for
his role as a corrupt cop in the crime thriller "Training Day"
(2001). He will receive much critical acclaim for his film work
since the 1990s, including his portrayals of real-life figures such
as South African anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko in "Cry Freedom"
(1987), Muslim minister and human rights activist Malcolm X in
"Malcolm X" (1992), boxer Rubin "Hurricane" Carter in "The Hurricane"
(1999), football coach Herman Boone in "Remember the Titans" (2000),
poet and educator Melvin B. Tolson in "The Great Debaters" (2007),
and drug kingpin Frank Lucas in "American Gangster" (2007). He will
be a featured actor in the films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and
a frequent collaborator of directors Spike Lee and the late Tony
Scott. In 2015 he will be selected as the recipient for the Cecil B.
DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.
1959 - Everson Collin Walls is born in Dallas, Texas. He will become an
American football defensive back in the National Football League, and
will play for the Dallas Cowboys, the New York Giants, and the
Cleveland Browns. During his 14 seasons, he will be a four-time Pro
Bowl selection. He will also be a 3-time All-Pro selection. He will
win a Super Bowl with the Giants after the 1990 season. He will be
one of the most prolific and decorated defensive backs to ever play
the game. He will be one of the only two players to lead the NFL in
interceptions three times (Ed Reed is the other). He will also lead
his Cowboys in interceptions a franchise record five times. He will
rank second in the team's career interceptions list and 10th all-time
on the career interceptions list, with 57. In addition, he will share
the career Pro Bowl interceptions record with four, and share the
single-game Pro Bowl record for interceptions with two.
1977 - Karen Farmer becomes the first African American member of the
Daughters of the American Revolution, when she traces her
ancestry back to William Hood, a soldier in the Revolutionary
War.
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