* Today in Black History - March 14 *
1794 - Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin, making it possible to clean
50 pounds of cotton a day, compared to a pound a day before the
invention. This will make cotton king and increase the demand
for slave labor.
1829 - African American editor John Russworm writes an editorial in
"Freedom's Journal" supporting the colonization of Africa by
African Americans.
1889 - Menelik becomes ruler of Abyssinia (Ethiopia). Menelik II will
be the Ethiopian emperor (1889-1909) during the frantic race
for African protectorates by European countries. He will
transform the country from a collection of semi-independent
states into a united nation. As ruler of the kingdom of Shoa,
in central Ethiopia, he will conquer the Oromo people to the
south and annex their land. During Menelik's reign he
suppressed the Ethiopian slave trade, curbed the feudal
nobility, and founded the city of Addis Ababa.
1917 - The first training camp for "colored" officers is established
by the U.S. Army in Des Moines, Iowa, after a long lobbying
effort by the NAACP, led by Joel E. Spingarn and James Weldon
Johnson. The camp will issue 678 officer commissions to
African Americans, compared to 380,000 African American
enlisted men mobilized in World War l.
1933 - Quincy Delight Jones, Jr. is born in Chicago, Illinois. A
trumpeter and record producer, he will collaborate with many
major American and French recording artists, including Michael
Jackson on the latter's "Thriller" and "Bad" albums, two of
the most successful records during the 1980's. In 1968, he and
and his songwriting partner, Bob Russell will become the first
African Americans to be nominated for an Academy Award for
Best Original Song, their "The Eyes of Love" for the Universal
Pictures film "Banning." That same year, he will be the first
African American to be nominated twice within the same year
for an Academy Award for Best Original Score, as he will also
be nominated for his work on the film "In Cold Blood" (1967).
In 1971, he will be the first African American to be named as
the musical director and conductor of the Academy Awards
ceremony. In 1995 he will be the first African American to
receive the Academy's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. He will
be tied with sound designer Willie D. Burton as the African
American who has been nominated for the most Oscars, each
receiving seven nominations. A musical innovator, in 1991, he
will receive two Grammy awards for producer of the year and
album of the year for "Back on the Block." To date, he will
have 79 Grammy nominations and win 27 Grammy awards, Grammy's
Trustees Award in 1989, and the Grammy's Legends Award in 1990.
He will also be Musical Director for Mercury Records, then Vice
President. He will also establish Qwest Records. In 2013 he will
be inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Among his awards,
he will be named by Time Magazine as one of the most influential
jazz musicians of the 20th century.
1934 - Shirley Scott is born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She will
become an accomplished jazz organist, with a blues orientation
to most of her presentations. She started her career playing
with Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis in 1956 and continued until 1960.
She will record most of her work with her ex-husband, Stanley
Turrentine from 1961 to 1970. She will join the ancestors on
March 10, 2002, succumbing to heart failure. Her heart failure
will be hastened by the diet drug fen-phen. She will win an
$8 million settlement in February, 2000 against American Home
Products, the manufacturers of the drug cocktail.
1946 - Wesley Sissel "Wes" Unseld is born in Louisville, Kentucky. His
early career plans will include becoming a teacher, but that
thought will be put on hold when he becomes the second overall
pick in the 1968 draft by the NBA's Baltimore Bullets. In 1969,
his debut will be memorable. He becomes only the second NBA
player besides Wilt Chamberlain to be named Rookie of the Year
and MVP in the same season. During a solid 13-year NBA career,
spent entirely with the Bullets organization, he will become a
superb position rebounder and retire as the NBA's seventh all-time
leading rebounder with 13,769 boards, a 14.0 per game average.
He will play in five NBA All-Star games and rank as the Bullets
all-time leader in minutes played (35,832) and rebounds. He is
only one of 20 players in NBA history to score more than 10,000
points (10,624) and grab more than 10,000 rebounds. The pinnacle
of his career will come in 1978, when he and fellow Hall of Famer
Elvin Hayes lead Washington past Seattle for the NBA championship.
For his efforts, he will be named MVP of the championship series.
After his retirement from the NBA in 1981, he will move into the
Bullets front office as Vice-President for sixx years and will
become the head coach of the Bullets in 1987. He will be inducted
into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1988 and
inducted into the Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006.
1947 - William J. Jefferson is born in Lake Providence, Louisiana. He
will become a Louisiana state senator in 1979 and, in 1990,
the first African American congressman elected from the state
since Charles Edmund Nash left office in 1876. On November 13,
2009, he will be sentenced to thirteen years in federal prison
for bribery after a corruption investigation, the longest
sentence ever handed down to a congressman for bribery or any
other crime. He will begin serving that sentence in May, 2012 at
a Federal Bureau of Prisons facility in Beaumont, Texas.
1960 - Kirby Puckett is born in Chicago, Illinois. He will become a
major league baseball outfielder. He will be selected by the
Minnesota Twins in the first round (third overall) of the
January 1982 free-agent draft and will spend his entire 12-year
professional career in the Twins organization. Not only will
he become a 10-time All-Star, in 1993 he will become the first
Twins player ever to win the All-Star Game MVP Award. He will
be the Twins' all-time leader in hits, runs, doubles and total
bases. He will retire on July 12, 1996, after losing vision in
his right eye due to glaucoma, and will become the Twins'
executive vice president of baseball. He will be elected to the
Baseball Hall of Fame in 2001, his first year of eligibility.
He will join the ancestors in Phoenix, AZ, on March 6, 2006
after succumbing to a stroke.
1967 - In the first NFL-AFL common draft, the Baltimore Colts select
Bubba Smith as the first pick.
1985 - Bill Cosby captures four of the People's Choice Awards for "The
Cosby Show." The awards were earned from results of a
nationwide Gallup Poll.
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