*             Today in Black History - December 4           *

 

1783 - George Washington's farewell address to his troops is 

            held at Fraunces Tavern in New York City.  The tavern 

            is owned by Samuel "Black Sam" Fraunces, a wealthy 

            West Indian of African and French descent who aided 

            Revolutionary forces with food and money.

 

1807 - Prince Hall, activist and Masonic leader, joins the 

            ancestors in Boston, Massachusetts.

 

1833 - The American Anti-Slavery Society is founded in 

            Philadelphia by James Barbados, Robert Purvis, James 

            McCrummell, James Forten, Jr., John B. Vashon and 

            others.

 

1895 - Fort Valley State College is established in Georgia.

 

1895 - The South Carolina Constitutional Convention adopted a 

            new constitution with "understanding clause" designed 

            to eliminate African American voters.

 

1899 - The Fifty-Sixth Congress convenes with only one African 

            American congressman, George H. White, from North 

            Carolina.

 

1906 - Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. is founded on the 

            campus of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, 

            becoming the first African American Greek-letter 

            organization.

 

1909 - The New York "Amsterdam News" is founded by James 

            Anderson. Originally priced at two cents, it will grow 

            to a circulation of almost 35,000 by 1990.

 

1915 - The NAACP leads protest demonstrations against the 

            showing of the racist movie, "Birth of a Nation."

 

1915 - The Ku Klux Klan receives its charter from Fulton 

            County, Georgia Superior Court. The modern Klan will 

            spread to Alabama and other Southern states and reach 

            the height of its influence in the twenties.  By 1924, 

            the organization will be strong in Oklahoma, Indiana, 

            California, Oregon, Indiana, and Ohio, and have an 

            estimated four million members.

 

1927 - President Coolidge commutes Marcus Garvey's sentence. 

            Garvey will be taken to New Orleans and deported to his 

            native Jamaica.

 

1927 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is awarded to Anthony Overton, 

            publisher, insurance executive and cosmetics 

            manufacturer, for his achievements as a businessman.

 

1927 - Duke Ellington's big band opens at the famed Cotton Club

            in Harlem.  It is the first appearance of the Duke's 

            new and larger group.  He will play the club until 1932.

 

1943 - Professional baseball's commissioner Landis announces 

            that any club may sign Negroes to a playing contract. 

 

1956 - Bernard King, professional basketball player (New York 

            Knicks, New Jersey Nets), is born. 

 

1958 - Dahomey (Benin), and the Ivory Coast become autonomous 

            within the French Community of Nations.

 

1969 - The Pulitzer Prize for photography is awarded to Moneta 

            Sleet Jr. of Ebony magazine.  He is the first African 

            American male cited by the Pulitzer committee.

 

1969 - Clarence Mitchell Jr., director of the Washington Bureau 

            of the NAACP, is awarded the Spingarn Medal "for the 

            pivotal role he....played in the enactment of civil 

            rights legislation."

 

1969 - Two Black Panther leaders, Fred Hampton(Illinois State 

            Chairman) and Mark Clark, join the ancestors after 

            being killed in a Chicago police raid.  The two men are 

            shot while sleeping in their beds.  Fred Hampton is 

            just 20 years old.

 

1977 - Jean-Bedel Bokassa, ruler of the Central African Empire, 

            crowns himself.

 

1981 - According to South Africa, Ciskei gains independence, 

            but is not recognized as an independent country outside 

            South Africa.     

 

1982 - Hershel Walker, a University of Georgia running back who

            amassed an NCAA record of 5,097 yards in three seasons, 

            is named the Heisman Trophy winner.  He is only the 

            seventh junior to win the award.  He will go on to play 

            with the New Jersey Generals of the U.S. Football League 

            and the Minnesota Vikings and Dallas Cowboys in the NFL.

 

1990 - The Watts Health Foundation reports revenues in excess of 

            $100 million for the first year in its history.  

            Established in 1967, the Foundation grew from its initial 

            site on riot-torn 103rd Street to serve over 80,000 

            residents of the Greater Los Angeles area with its HMO, 

            United Health Plan, and its numerous community-based 

            programs.  Led by CEO Dr. Clyde Oden, it is the largest 

            community-based health care system of its kind in the 

            nation.

 

1992 - United States troops land in the country of Somalia.


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