* Today in Black History - November 11 *
1831 - Nat Turner is executed for organizing and leading the armed
slave insurrection in Jerusalem, Southampton County, Virginia.
One of our greatest freedom fighters joins the ancestors.
1890 - D. McCree is granted a patent for the portable fire escape.
1895 - Bechuanaland becomes part of the Cape Colony in Africa.
1915 - Claude Clark, Sr. is born near Rockingham, Georgia. He will
study at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Barnes
Foundation, and the University of California, Berkeley, and
become a renowned artist whose studies of urban life and
social realism will be exhibited widely, including the New
York World's Fair of 1939, the Sorbonne, the Oakland Museum,
the Museum of African American Art in Los Angeles and in the
major group exhibits Hidden Heritage: Afro-American Art
1800-1950 and Two Centuries of Black American Art.
1918 - The Armistice is signed, ending World War I. Official records
listed 370,000 African American soldiers and 1400 African
American commissioned officers. A little more than half of
of these soldiers served in the European Theater. Three
African American regiments -- the 369th, 371st, and 372nd --
received the Croix de Guerre for valor. The 369th was the
first American unit to reach the Rhine river (which separates
France from Germany). The first American soldiers to be
decorated for bravery in France were Henry Johnson and
Needham Roberts of the 369th Infantry Regiment.
1925 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is awarded to James Weldon Johnson,
former U.S. consul in Venezuela and Nicaragua and NAACP
executive secretary, for his work as an author, diplomat and
leader.
1928 - Ernestine Anderson is born in Houston, Texaco. Her introduction
to jazz singing will begin at age 12 at the Eldorado Ballroom
in Houston. She will perform with Russell Jaquet, Johnny Otis,
and Lionel Hampton and be known for her warm, blues-influenced
vocals.
1929 - LaVern Baker is born in Chicago, Illinois. She will become a
rhythm & blues vocalist. She will be known for her recordings
of "Tweedly Dee", "I Cried a Tear", and "Jim Dandy."
1946 - Corrine Brown is born in Jacksonville, Florida. She will receive
a bachelor's degree in 1969 and a master's degree in 1971 from
Florida A&M University. She will also receive an education
specialist degree from the University of Florida in 1974 and an
honorary doctorate in law from Edward Waters College. She will
be a college professor, a guidance counselor, and owner of a
travel agency before entering politics. In 1982 she will be
elected to the Florida House of Representatives, where she will
serve for ten years. In 1992 she will be elected to the U.S.
House of Representatives from Florida's Third Congressional
District.
1950 - Otis Armstrong is born. He will become a NFL runningback and
the AFC's leading rusher in 1974 with the Denver Broncos.
1965 - Prime Minister Ian D. Smith of Rhodesia proclaims independence
from Great Britain.
1968 - Ronnie Devoe is born. He will become a singer with the groups
"New Edition" and "Bell, Biv, and Devoe."
1972 - Carl T. Rowan, journalist, becomes the first African American
elected to the 'Gridiron Club.'
1975 - Angola gains independence from Portugal after 500 years of
colonial rule. Angola, in southeastern Africa, had been
waging guerrilla warfare against Portuguese rule since 1961.
In 1974, back in Portugal, a group of young military officers
overthrew the government. The new government quickly granted
independence to Portugal's colonies. Thus, on November 11, 1975
Angola officially became an independent republic.
1979 - The Bethune Museum and Archives is established in Washington,
DC. The goal of the museum, which is housed in the Mary McLeod
Bethune Council House, is to serve as a depository and center
for African American women's history.
1984 - Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. dies of a heart attack in
Atlanta, Georgia. Better known as "Daddy King," he was the
father of famed civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. and
was himself, an early civil rights leader. The elder King
was pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, the center
for much of his son's civil rights activity.
1985 - The city of Yonkers, New York is found guilty of segregating
in schools & housing.
1989 - The Civil Rights Memorial is dedicated in Montgomery, Alabama.
1995 - The European Union's 15 member states decide to pull their
envoys out of Lagos to show their anger at Nigeria's execution
of human rights leaders.
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