*                   Today in Black History - August 1                   *

1619 - Twenty African "Negroes" became the first blacks to land in
        Protestant America at Jamestown, Virginia.  Surviving evidence
        suggests that the twenty Africans were accorded the status of
        indentured servants.

1834 - Slavery is abolished in the British Empire by the royal ascent
        of the King of England after having been voted by Parliament
        the previous year.

1838 - British slaves in the Bahamas are emancipated.

1852 - San Francisco Methodists establish the first African American
        Zion Methodist Church.

1867 - African Americans vote for the first time in a state election,
        in Tennessee, helping the Republicans sweep the election.

1867 - General Philip H. Sheridan dismisses the board of aldermen in
        New Orleans and named new appointees, including several
        African Americans.

1868 - Governor Henry C. Warmoth of Louisiana endorses a joint
        resolution of the legislature calling for federal military
        aid.  Warmoth says there had been 150 political assassinations
        in June and July.

1874 - Charles Clinton Spaulding is born in Columbus County, North
        Carolina. He will become a businessman who will rise to the
        presidency of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company.
        His business acumen will help the company survive the years of
        the Great Depression. Also active in the Durham, North Carolina
        community where the corporation is located, he will work to
        increase the numbers of registered African American voters and
        convince the city to hire African American police officers.

1879 - Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from the nursing program at the
        New England Hospital for Women and Children.  She is the first
        African American to graduate from a nursing school.

1895 - Benjamin Elijah Mays is born in Ninety-Six, South Carolina. He
        will become a renowned educator and president of Morehouse
        College. After retiring as the president of Morehouse, he will
        be elected to the school board of Atlanta, Georgia and will
        later serve as its president. In 1982, he will be awarded the
        NAACP's Spingarn Medal.  He will join the ancestors in 1984.

1914 - Marcus Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Movement
        Improvement and Conservation Association and African
        Communities' League, later shortened to UNIA.  In New York
        City six years later to the day, the UNIA will meet in Madison
        Square Garden as Garvey presents his "Back to Africa" plan and
        a formal Declaration of Rights for black people worldwide.

1918 - Theodore Juson Jemison, Sr. is born in Selma, Alabama. He will
        become a Baptist minister and will later be elected president
        of the National Baptist Convention USA.

1920 - The national convention of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro
        Improvement Association opens in Liberty Hall in Harlem. The
        next night Garvey addresses twenty-five thousand Blacks in
        Madison Square Garden.  Garvey's nationalist movement reaches
        its height in 1920-21.

1925 - The National Bar Association, dedicated to "advance the science
        of jurisprudence, uphold the honor of the legal profession...
        and protect the civil and political rights of all citizens of
        the several states of the United States," is formally organized
        in Des Moines, Iowa by 12 African-American legal pioneers
        including George H. Woodson, S. Joe Brown, and Gertrude E. Rush.

1930 - Geoffrey Holder is born. He will become a Broadway dancer and actor
        and will be best known for his performances in "Annie" and "The
        Wiz."

1936 - Benjamin E. Mays, who has been called "the greatest school
        master of his generation," is named president of Morehouse
        College.

1941 - Ronald H. Brown is born in Washington, DC.  He will become the
        first African American chairman of the Democratic National
        Committee and Secretary of Commerce. He will join the ancestors
        in 1996 in Croatia when his plane crashes while on an official
        tour of the Balkans for the Department of Commerce.

1943 - Race-related rioting erupts in New York City's Harlem section,
        resulting in several deaths.

1944 - Adam Clayton Powell is elected to congress and becomes the first
        African American congressman from the East.

1950 - The American Bowling Congress ends its all-white-males rule.

1952 - Charles Clinton Spaulding joins the ancestors in Durham, North
        Carolina at the age of 78.

1960 - Benin changes its name to Dahomey and proclaims its independence
        from France.

1960 - Chubby Checker's "The Twist" is released.  The song inspires
        the dance craze of the '60s.

1961 - Whitney Young Jr. is named executive director of the National
        Urban League.

1964 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first African American to be named to
        the U.S. Davis Cup tennis team.

1970 - "Black Enterprise" magazine is first published.

1970 - Willie Stargell, of the Pittsburgh Pirates, ties the record of
        5 extra base hits in a game.

1973 - Tempestt Bledsoe, actress, "The Cosby Show's" Vanessa Huxtable,
        is born.

1977 - Benjamin  L. Hooks becomes the Executive Director of the NAACP.

1979 - James Patterson Lyke is installed as auxiliary bishop of the
        Cleveland Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church.

1987 - Mike Tyson defeats Tony Tucker to become undisputed Heavyweight
        Boxing Champion.

1992 - The Supreme Court permits the administration to continue its
        special interdiction policy by which the U.S. Coast Guard
        patrols international waters near Haiti to prevent Haitian
        citizens from escaping from their country, and Haiti is the
        only country in the world to receive such treatment by the
        United States.

1992 - Gail Devers wins the women's 100 meters at the Barcelona Summer
        Games.

1993 - Ronald H. Brown, former chairman of the Democratic National
        Committee, is appointed head of the Department of Commerce by
        President-elect Bill Clinton.

1994 - Supporters of Haiti's military rulers declare their intention to
        fight back in the face of a U.N. resolution paving the way for a
        U.S.-led invasion.

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