* Today in Black History - January 22 *
1801 - Haitian liberator, Toussaint L'Ouverture, enters Santiago to
battle the French Armed Forces.
1891 - The "Lodge Bill," which called for federal supervision of U.S.
elections, is abandoned in the Senate after a Southern filibuster.
1906 - Twenty-eight-year-old Meta Vaux Warrick's sculpture "Portraits
from Mirrors" is exhibited at the 101st Annual Exhibition of
the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. Although it is one of the first major showings
of her work, the young Warrick (later Fuller) has already
studied sculpture with the legendary Auguste Rodin and had her
work exhibited in Paris at S. Bing's Gallery Nouveau.
1920 - William Warfield is born in West Helena, Arkansas, the eldest of
five sons. He will become a singer and have his recital debut
in New York's famous Town Hall on March 19, 1950, putting him
into the front ranks of concert artists overnight. His career
will span almost fifty years and among his frequent appearances
in foreign countries, this artist has made six separate tours
for the U.S. Department of State, more than any other American
solo artist. He will receive a Grammy in the "Spoken Word"
category (1984) for his outstanding narration of Aaron
Copeland's "A Lincoln Portrait" accompanied by the Eastman
Philharmonic Orchestra. He is best known for his role in
"Showboat."
1924 - James Louis (J.J.) Johnson is born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He
will become one of the greatest trombonists and composers in
jazz. He will be originally influenced by Fred Beckett of
Harlan Leonard's band. Soon thereafter, he will join Benny
Carter. He will play with Count Basie (1945-1946) and record
his first solo improvisation. During the 1954-1956 period,
J.J. Johnson will take a brief break from bands and team up with
Kai Winding for a commercially successful trombone duo. He
will prefer the use of pure tones when playing the trombone,
focusing on line, interval and accent. His solos will show
virtuosity because of their remarkable mobility, which many
artists find difficult to duplicate or imitate. These endeavors
will be fruitless in the early 1950s and for a couple of years
he will work as a blueprint inspector. In the 1970s, Johnson
will move from New Jersey to California, concentrating exclusively
on film and television scoring. In 1984, Johnson will reenter the
jazz scene with a tour of the "European Festival Circuit." He
will join the ancestors in 1991 from complications from a stroke.
1931 - Samuel "Sam" Cooke is born in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He will grow
up in Chicago, Illinois, after moving there with his family in 1933.
He will become a singer and be best known for his recordings "You
Send Me" and "Twisting the Night Away." Cooke will be one of the
most popular singers of the 1960's. He will join the ancestors on
December 11, 1964. He will be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall
of Fame on January 23, 1986.
1960 - Sugar Ray Robinson loses the Middleweight Boxing Championship to
Paul Pender in a 15-round decision.
1961 - Wilma Rudolph, the 1960 Olympic gold medalist and track star,
sets a world indoor mark in the women's 60-yard dash, with a
speedy 6.9 seconds in a meet held in Los Angeles, California.
1962 - Baseball Writers elect Jackie Robinson into the Baseball Hall of
Fame.
1973 - George Foreman takes the heavyweight boxing title away from
'Smokin' Joe Frazier in Kingston, Jamaica in the second round.
Foreman will knock 'Smokin' Joe down six times on his way to
victory.
1981 - Samuel Pierce is named Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD). One of the few African Americans in the Reagan
administration, there will be high expectations for his potential
to effect change, but Pierce's leadership will be severely
questioned as scandal rocks his department in 1989. An estimated
$ 2 billion will be lost due to fraud and mismanagement during
Pierce's tenure.
1988 - Heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson knocks out former champion
Larry Holmes in 4 rounds.
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