* Today in Black History - October 15 *
1877 - Jackson College in Jackson, Mississippi is established.
1883 - The U.S. Supreme Court declares that The Civil Rights Act
of 1875 is unconstitutional. The Civil Rights Act of
1875 stated that "All persons within the jurisdiction of
the United States shall be entitled to the full and
equal enjoyment of the accomodations, advantages,
facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances
on land or water, theaters, and other places of public
amusement; subject only to the conditions and
limitations established by law and applicable alike to
citizens of every race and color, regardless of any
previous condition of servitude."
1890 - Savannah State College in Savannah, Georgia is
established.
1890 - The Alabama Penny Savings Bank is founded in Birmingham,
Alabama by Reverend William Reuben Pettiford with $2,000
in capital. Although, so strapped for funds in its initial
months that its officers will not draw salaries, the bank
will prosper so well that during the panic of 1893, it will
remain open when larger, white banks in Birmingham fail.
1917 - The first significant group of African American officers
is commissioned by the U.S. Army.
1949 - William Hastie is nominated for the U.S. Circuit Court
of Appeals. He will be the first African American to
sit on the court.
1953 - Toriano Adaryll Jackson is born in Gary, Indiana. He
will become a singer and member of The Jackson Five
known as Tito.
1957 - The Sickle Cell Disease Research Foundation opens in Los
Angeles, California. It is the forerunner to a national
association and over 50 local chapters dedicated to
providing education, screening, counseling, and research
in the genetic disease that affects over 50,000
individuals, mostly African Americans.
1964 - Bob Hayes wins a gold medal for the 100-meter dash in the
1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo with a time of ten seconds,
equaling the world record.
1968 - Wyomia Tyus becomes the first person to win a gold medal
in the 100-meter race in consecutive Olympic games.
1969 - Abdi Rashid Ali Shermarke, President of Somalia, is
assassinated.
1974 - The National Guard is mobilized to restore order in the
Boston school busing crisis.
1989 - South African officials release eight prominent political
prisoners, including Walter Sisulu, a leader of the
African National Congress.
1991 - Judge Clarence Thomas is confirmed as the 106th associate
justice of the United States Supreme Court, despite
sexual harassment allegations by Anita Hill, with a
Senate vote of 52-48. He becomes the second African
American to sit on the Supreme Court.
1993 - African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela and South
African President F.W. de Klerk are awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize for their work to end apartheid and laying
the foundations for a democratic South Africa.
1994 - Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide returns to his
country, three years after being overthrown by army
rulers. The U.N. Security Council welcomes Aristide's
return by voting to lift stifling trade sanctions
imposed against Haiti.
2005 - The Million More Movement convenes on the National Mall
in Washington, DC. In addition to celebrating the 10th
anniversary of the Million Man March, there is a call
for an end to the war in Iraq, and pointed criticism of
the federal response to Hurricane Katrina.
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