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Kalle Reichelt has just returned from an extended trip and in reviewing the
earlier posts to this conference on proteins, peptides, gut permeability,
autism and schizophrenia, has the following comments to offer:

Message 5       12/27/94  9:39 AM
From:  Kalle Reichelt,[log in to unmask],Internet

A: Experiments double blind with gluten and schizophrenia:Most have been on
far too small series and for very short time .We found in a double blind
study that the peptide patterns took at least 28 weeks to normalize (Reichelt
et al (1990) J Orthomolec. med 5:223-239.)

Also two positive studies have been reported 1) Singh MM and Kay SR (1976)
Science 191:401-402.2) Dohan FC and Grasberger JC (1973)Amer J Psychiat
130:685-686.  Several negative statistically evaluated reports (on small
series) generally however, describe individuals that respond favourably. They
were for short periods of time though and on chronic or semichronic patients
.In these patients we know that there are morphological changes in the CNS.
The references are : Potkin SG et al (1981) Am J Psychiat 138:1208-1211.
Storms LH et al (1982) Arch gen Psychiat 39:323-327.Vlissides DN et al
(1986)Brit J psychiat 148:441-452.Rice JR et al (1978) Am J Psychiat 135:
1147-1148. All of thes have been citicized for lack of statistical power (
King
DS (1985) Biol Psychiat 20:785-787.)

Double blind on autistic children is very hard to do. Howver,we have run the
urines blind and applied the strategy of two independent persons to carry out
functional tests  and evaluation . The results cannot possibly be placebo
because they last for 4 years  and those that quit diet show REGRESSION. In
spite of ordaining longer time to complete the tests the children off diet
could not complete tests easily finished when on diet. References: Knivsberg
A-M et al (1990) Brain Dysfunction 3:315-327. Reichelt KL et al (1990)J Appl
Nutrition 42: 1-11. Reichelt KL et al (1994) Dev Brain Dysfunct.7:71-85.

Epidemiology : I would like to draw your attention to two papers that are
extremely well done: Lorenz K and Lee VA (1977) The nutritional and
physiological impact of cereal products in human nutrition . CRC Critical
Reviews in Food Sci and Nutrition 9: 383 -457. Lorenz K (1990) Cereals and
Schizophrenia .Adv in Cereal Sci and Technol X: 435-469.

Gut permeability : Because peptides ( Gardner MLG(83) Biochem Soc Trans
11:810-812.and this year a review, and also intact proteins are taken up in
normal persons (eg Husby S et al (1985) Scand J Immunol 22:83-92); there is
no need for increased uptake. All we need is decreased breakdown ,something
which regularly causes peptiduria and peptidaemia (Wright EC et al (1979)J
Inherit metab Disease 2: 1-3; BlauN et al (1980) J Inherit metab Dis 11
(suppl 2) 240-242.; Lunde H et al (1982) J neurochem 38:238-246; Abassi Z
et al (1992) metabolism 41:683-685; Watanabe Y et al (1993) Res Comm. Chem
Pathol Pharmacol 81:323-350.)

Because peptides generally are good peptidase inhibitors ( La Bella FL et al
(1985) Peptides 6:645-660) it is easy to see that vicious circles can get
going. This process may even start before birth because intact antigens have
been found in mothers milk too (Axelsson I et al (1986)Acta Paed Scand
75:702-707; Troncone R et al (1987) Acta paed Scand 76:453-456; Kilshaw and
Cant 81984) Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 75:8-15 and Stuart CA et al (1984)
Clin Allergy 14:533-535).

Finally I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the coeliac
inducing peptide isolated from gliadin ( Wieser H et al (1984)Z Lebensmittel
Unters Forsch 179:371-376 contains the gliadinomorphin sequence
Y-P-Q-P-Q-P-F. Also the gluten molecule contains up to 15 opioid sequnces
brilliantly elucidated by Prof DR Yoshikawa (Fukudome SI and Yoshikawa M
(1991) FEBS Letters 296:107-111)and such opioids are formed in the gut.

Some references on gut leakage and schizophrenia will be forwarded later .
However, Dr Sci MLG Gardner, School of Biomediacl Sci .Univ of
Bradford,Bradford BD 7 1DP ,United Kingdom is extremely knowledgeable on this
matter.

Seasonal greeting to all . Cheers
                                                Tiny.

K. Reichelt
Pediatric Research Institute
N-0027 Oslo, Norway
Tel: +47 22 86 90 45
Fax: +47 22 86 91 17
E-mail: [log in to unmask]