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(Continued from Part 1)

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Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 2002 Jan;12(67):43-4.

[Selenium plasma concentrations in children with celiac disease in
different stages of diagnosis]

[Article in Polish]

Kalita B, Nowak P, Slimok M, Sikora A, Szkilnik R, Obuchowicz A, Sulej J,
Sabat D.

Katedra i Oddzial Kliniczny Pediatrii w Bytomiu Sl. AM, Katowicach.

Selenium is an important nutritional factor of human diet. Epidemiological
and experimental data indicate that low selenium level can be associated
with increased risk of cancer. On the other hand there are some evidence
that patients with celiac disease can present selenium deficiency and
increased risk of certain malignancies. Therefore the aim of study was to
evaluate plasma selenium levels in children with celiac disease. The level
of selenium was estimated by flame atomic absorptiometry method according
to Whiteside. Celiac disease was diagnosed according to ESPGHAN criteria.
Obtained results indicate that in celiac disease low plasma selenium levels
are especially marked at preliminary stage of diagnosis and following low
compliance to the gluten free diet. Children with this sickness may need
supplementation of their diet with selenium.

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Acta Paediatr Hung. 1992;32(3):241-55.

Decrease in the antioxidant capacity of red blood cells in children with
celiac disease.

Boda M, Nemeth I.

Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi University of Medical
School, Szeged, Hungary.

The erythrocyte glutathione metabolism of 11 children with acute celiac
disease (CD), 11 children under gluten free diet with CD and 5 children
with cow's milk allergy was compared to that of 11 children with nutritive
iron deficiency and to 22 healthy children as controls. Erythrocyte
glutathione (GSH) content of celiac children was elevated and the
glutathione disulfide (GSSG) level was significantly decreased as compared
to normal controls. Erythrocyte GSSG/GSH ratio in acute CD differed also
from the one in iron deficiency. In vitro oxidative load of
acetylphenylhydrazine proved the impaired glutathione stability of the
erythrocytes in acute CD and cow's milk allergy. A parallel rise of
methemoglobin and hemichrome level of blood cells was seen. Further on, the
selenium content of the red blood cells of CD patients decreased. All
alterations of the erythrocyte tended to normalize during the dietetic
period. These data suggest a reduced protective capacity of erythrocytes in
CD and in cow's milk allergy in childhood against oxidizing stresses.

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Minerva Pediatr. 1989 Nov;41(11):539-42.

[Selenium in celiac disease]

[Article in Italian]

Cortigiani L, Nutini P, Caiulo VA, Ughi C, Ceccarelli M.

Statistically significant lower levels of selenium (p less than 0.001) have
been found both in 37 celiac subjects at free diet and in 36 at gluten-free
diet with respect to controls. In patients at free diet the deficit of
selenium can be attributed to malabsorption, while in patients at gluten-
free diet it may be due to the diet itself. Recently low serum levels of
selenium have been observed in several neoplasias; furthermore it's known
that celiac patients show an increased incidence of gastrointestinal tumors
related to known levels in standard population. Long term monitoring is
therefore necessary to integrate diet with selenium in patients showing
persistent deficit of this element.

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Orv Hetil. 1989 Sep 24;130(39):2087-90.

[Selenium levels in erythrocytes of children with celiac disease]

[Article in Hungarian]

Boda M, Nemeth I.

Selenium is the component of the glutationperoxidase one of the most
important enzymes in the antioxidant protection of the organism. In
preliminary studies the authors found in celiac children increased
sensitivity to oxidative stress and biochemical changes referring to
decreased activity of glutationperoxidase enzyme. Therefore the selenium
content of washed erythrocytes has been determined with fluorimetry in 24
celiac children kept on gluten containing diet and 25 on gluten-free diet.
In gluten loading the selenium level was significantly lower than in the
healthy control group. The selenium value rose at a small degree in the
erythrocytes of celiac children kept on gluten-free diet but did not reach
the lower limit of the physiological value. On the basis of these results
the malabsorption of selenium was found to play also an important role in
the decreased protecting capacity against oxidative stress effects in
celiac diseases of childhood. The necessity of supplementing the trace
element is raised.

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Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 Jun 23;288(6434):1862-3.

Body content of selenium in coeliac disease.

Hinks LJ, Inwards KD, Lloyd B, Clayton BE.

Concentrations of selenium in whole blood, plasma, and leucocytes were
determined in 16 patients with coeliac disease confirmed by biopsy and 32
controls. All the patients were clinically well and receiving gluten free
diets. The concentrations of selenium were significantly lower in the
leucocytes, blood, and plasma of patients compared with controls, probably
indicating a decrease in the body content of selenium. A high incidence of
malignancy in coeliac disease has been reported. As a protective role for
selenium against cancer has been postulated, the importance of this
unexpected observation of lowered tissue concentrations of selenium
requires further investigation.

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Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Apr;142(1):21-4.

Blood selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in children with
cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, asthma, and epilepsy.

Ward KP, Arthur JR, Russell G, Aggett PJ.

Long-term selenium status in children from the North-East of Scotland was
estimated using whole blood selenium content (BSe) and glutathione
peroxidase activity (BGSH-Px). BSe was significantly lower than the
reference range in children with cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease and in
older patients with phenylketonuria. Whereas BGSH-Px of all the children
with coeliac disease and those with cystic fibrosis aged over 6 years
matched the reference range, it was reduced in younger patients with cystic
fibrosis and in children with dietetically treated phenylketonuria. No
child had clinical features of selenium deficiency. BSe in treated
epileptics and asthmatics conformed to the reference range, but BGSH-Px in
both groups was increased significantly; this was most evident in those
receiving corticosteroid preparations.

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