* Today in Black History - September 20 *
1664 - Maryland enacts the first anti-amalgamation law to prevent
widespread intermarriage of English women and African
American men. Other colonies passed similar laws: Virginia,
1691; Massachusetts 1705; North Carolina, 1715; South
Carolina, 1717; Delaware, 1721; Pennsylvania, 1725.
1830 - The National Negro Convention, a group of 38 free African
Americans from eight states, meets in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, at the Bethel A.M.E. Church, with the express
purpose of abolishing slavery and improving the social
status of African Americans. They will elect Richard Allen
president and agree to boycott slave-produced goods.
1847 - William A. Leidesdorff is elected to San Francisco town
council receiving the third highest vote. Leidesdorff, who
was one of the first African American elected officials,
becomes the town treasurer in 1848.
1850 - Slave trade is abolished in Washington, DC, but slavery will
be allowed to continue until 1862.
1885 - Ferdinand Joseph La Menthe ("Jelly Roll" Morton) is born in
Gulfport (New Orleans), Louisiana. He will become a
renown jazz pianist and composer. Morton, whose fabulous
series of 1938 recordings for the Library of Congress are a
gold mine of information about early jazz, was a complex
man. Vain, ambitious, and given to exaggeration, he was a
pool shark, hustler and gambler, as well as a brilliant
pianist and composer. His greatest talent, perhaps was for
organizing and arranging. The series of records he made
with his "Red Hot Peppers" between 1926 and 1928 stands,
alongside King Oliver's as the crowning glory of the New
Orleans tradition and one of the great achievements in Jazz.
1915 - Hughie Lee-Smith is born in Eustis, Florida. He will become
a painter known for such surrealistic landscapes as "Man
with Balloons", "Man Standing on His Head" and "Big Brother".
1943 - Sani Abacha is born in Kano, Nigeria. After being educated
in his home state, will become a soldier and go to England
for advanced military education. He will achieve many
promotions as a soldier and by the mid-1980s, will enter
Nigeria's military elite. In 1983 he will be among those who
will overthrow Shehu Shagari, leader of the Second Republic,
in a coup which led to the military rule of Muhammadu Buhari.
In 1985, Abacha will participate in a second coup, which
will replace Buhari with General Ibrahim Babangida. As head
of state, Babangida will announce that free elections will
be held in the early 1990s. In 1993, however, after
Babangida nullifies the results of these belated free
elections, Abacha will stage a third coup and oust his former
ally. His regime will be characterized by a concern with
security that verges on paranoia. Abacha will schedule
elections for August, 1998, but months beforehand, all five
legal parties nominate him as their "consensus candidate."
In June, 1998, Abacha will join the ancestors when he dies
unexpectedly of a heart attack.
1958 - Martin Luther King Jr. is stabbed in the chest by a deranged
African American woman while he is autographing books in a
Harlem department store. The woman is placed under mental
observation.
1962 - Mississippi's governor, Ross Barnett, personally refuses to
admit James Meredith to University of Mississippi as its
first African American student. (Meredith is later admitted.)
1962 - The Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) is banned in an
order issued by Sir Edgar Whitehead, the prime minister of
Southern Rhodesia.
1973 - Willie Mays announces his retirement from major league
baseball at the end of the 1973 baseball season.
1979 - A bloodless coup overthrows Jean-Bedel Bokassa, self-styled
head of the Central African Empire, in a French-supported
coup while he is visiting Libya.
1984 - NBC-TV debuts "The Cosby Show". Bill Cosby plays Dr.
Heathcliff (Cliff) Huxtable. His lovely wife, Clair, is
played by Phylicia Rashad. The Huxtable kids were Sondra,
age 20 (Sabrina Le Beauf), Denise, age 16 (Lisa Bonet),
Theodore, age 14 (Malcom-Jamal Warner), Vanessa, age 8
(Tempestt Bledsoe) and Rudy, age 5 (Keshia Knight Pulliam).
The premiere is the most watched show of the week and the
show goes on to become an Emmy Award-winner and one of the
most popular on television for eight years. The series,
which had been rejected by other network television
executives, will become one of the most popular in
television history.
1987 - Alfre Woodard wins an Emmy for outstanding guest performance
in the dramatic series "L.A. Law". It is her second Emmy
award, her first having been for a supporting role in "Hill
Street Blues" in 1984.
1987 - Walter Payton scores the NFL record 107th rushing touchdown.
1999 - Lawrence Russell Brewer becomes the second white supremacist
to be convicted in the dragging death of James Byrd Jr. in
Jasper, Texas. He will be later sentenced to death.
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