* Today in Black History - November 2 *
1875 - Democrats suppress the African American vote by fraud
and violence and carry Mississippi elections. "The
Mississippi Plan" staged riots, political
assassinations, massacres and social and economic
intimidation will be used later to overthrow
Reconstruction governments in South Carolina and
Louisiana.
1903 - Business and civic leader, Maggie Lena Walker, opens
the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank in Richmond, Virginia,
becoming the first female bank president in the United
States.
1930 - Ras Tafari Makonnen is crowned Negus of Ethiopia, taking
the name Haile Selassie I, 225th Emperor of Solomonic
Dynasty. His coronation will signify to thousands of
Jamaicans and Garveyites in the United States, the
fulfillment of the prophecy of their leader, Marcus
Garvey.
1954 - Charles C. Diggs becomes the first African American
representative to Congress from Michigan. He, along
with William Dawson of Illinois and Adam Clayton Powell,
Jr. of New York, comprise the largest number of African
Americans to date in Congress in the 20th century. Diggs
will leave Congress in 1980 after being convicted of
mail fraud and being censured by Congress.
1954 - NAACP's Spingarn Medal is presented to Dr. Theodore K.
Lawles for his research on skin-related diseases.
1958 - Willie McGee, baseball player (St. Louis Cardinals and
1985 National League MVP), is born.
1979 - Black activist Joanne Chesimard escapes from a New Jersey
prison, where she was serving a life sentence for the
1973 slaying of a New Jersey state trooper. Chesimard,
who takes the name Assata Shakur successfully flees the
United States to Cuba.
1982 - Katie B. Hall is elected the first African American
congressional representative from Indiana.
1983 - President Ronald Reagan signs a bill to establish a
federal holiday in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King,
Jr.'s birthday on the third Monday in January. It is
the culmination of the efforts by many civil rights
organizations and entertainers to name King's birthday
as a national holiday.
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