*		Today in Black History - September 3          *

1783 - Richard Allen, founder of the African Methodist Episcopal 
	Church, purchases his freedom with his earnings as a 
	self-employed teamster.

1838 - Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, disguised as a 
	sailor, escapes from slavery in Baltimore, Maryland to 
	New Bedford, Massachusetts via New York City.  He will 
	take the name Douglass,	after the hero of Sir Walter 
	Scott's poem "Lady of the Lake".

1865 - The Union Army commander in South Carolina orders the 
	Freedmen's Bureau personnel to stop seizing land. 

1868 - Henry McNeal Turner delivers a speech before the Georgia 
	legislature defending African Americans' rights to hold 
	state office.  The lower house of the Georgia 
	legislature, rules that African Americans were ineligible 
	to hold office, and expels twenty-eight representatives. 
	Ten days later the senate expels three African Americans.
	Congress will refuse to re-admit the state to the Union 
	until the legislature seats the African American 
	representatives.

1891 - John Stephens Durham, assistant editor of the Philadelphia 
	Evening Bulletin, is named minister to Haiti.   

1891 - Cotton pickers organize a union and stage a strike for 
	higher wages in Texas.

1895 - Charles Houston is born in Washington, DC. He will graduate
	as valedictorian from Amherst College and be elected to 
	the Phi Beta Kappa honor society in 1915. He will return 
	to DC to teach at Howard University. During World War I, 
	He will join the then racially segregated U. S. Army as an 
	officer and be sent to France. He will return to the U.S. 
	in 1919, and begin attending Harvard Law School. He will 
	become a member of the Harvard Law Review and graduate cum
	laude. He will become known as "The Man Who Killed Jim 
	Crow," playing a role in nearly every civil rights case 
	before the Supreme Court between 1930 and Brown v. Board of 
	Education (1954). Houston's plan to attack and defeat Jim 
	Crow segregation by demonstrating the inequality in the 
	"separate but equal" doctrine from the Supreme Court's 
	Plessy v. Ferguson decision as it pertained to public 
	education in the United States was the master stroke that 
	brought about the landmark Brown decision. As the NAACP 
	Litigation Director, he trained future Supreme Court 
	Justice Thurgood Marshall. He will join the ancestors on
	April 22, 1950.

1910 - Dorothy Leigh Mainor (later Maynor) is born in Norfolk, 
	Virginia.  She will become a renown soprano and will sing 
	with all of the major American and European orchestras.  
	She will found the Harlem School of the Arts in 1963, after 
	ending her performing career. She will retire as executive 
	director of the school in 1979. She will join the ancestors 
	on February 19, 1996 in West Chester, Pennsylvania.

1918 - Five African American soldiers are hanged for their aaalleged 
	participation in the Houston riot of 1917.

1919 - The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, owned by African 
	Americans Noble	Johnson and Clarence Brooks, releases its 
	first feature-length film, "A Man's Duty".

1970 - Representatives from 27 African nations, Caribbean nations, 
	four South American countries, Australia, and the United
	States meet in Atlanta, Georgia, for the first Congress of
	African People.

1970 - Billy Williams ends the longest National League consecutive 
	streak at 1,117 games.  

1974 - NBA guard, Oscar Robinson, retires from professional 
	basketball.

1984 - A new South African constitution comes into effect, setting 
	up a three-chamber, racially divided parliament -  White,
	Indian and Colored (mixed race) people.

1990 - Jonathan A. Rodgers becomes president of CBS's Television 
	Stations Division, the highest-ranking African American to 
	date in network television.  Rodgers had been general
	manager of WBBM-TV, CBS's Chicago station.

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