>From the web site http://www.nod.org
Peter,
More information about the survey is available at http://www.nod.org.
Below is an explanation of the survey and how it was conducted.
congratulations on your new job. What kind of work are you doing? Were
they ok in adapting a computer for you?
Self-esteem and attitude of blind persons plays an important part in
employment. I posted the article not only because we have the ADA passed
in 12 years, but we have the best economy in 25. Jobs are showering down
in all regions of the country, yet employment levels have not inched up.
kelly
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
WASHINGTON, D.C., July 23, 1998 - Americans with
disabilities still face gaps in securing jobs,
education, accessible public transportation and in
many areas of daily life including recreation and
worship.a Those findings were presented in a new U.S.
survey of 1,000 adults with disabilities announced
today at a Washington, D.C. news conference by the
National Organization on Disability (N.O.D.).
For disability advocates, these findings are
disturbing yet motivating for public and private
decision-makers.a The findings, commissioned by N.O.D
in cooperation with Louis Harris & Associates, define
the current status of persons with disabilities in
American life.
The highlights of the 1998 N.O.D./Harris Survey of
Americans with Disabilities released today queried
adults with disabilities, early this year (with a
sampling error of plus or minus 4 percentage points).a
This survey is the first such national poll taken by
Harris in cooperation with N.O.D. since 1994, and the
third conducted by Harris since 1986.
Among the most startling findings about the workforce,
the research exposed significant gaps between the
employment rates of the working disabled versus the
working non-disabled.a Only 29% of disabled persons of
working age (18-64) work full or part-time, compared
to 79% of the non-disabled population, a gap of 50
percentage points.a Of those with disabilities of
working age who are not working, 72% say that they
would prefer to work.
Fully a third (34%) of adults with disabilities live
in households with total income of $15,000 or less,
compared to only 12% of those without disabilities.
Approximately one in five (20%) of adults with
disabilities have not completed high school compared
to 9% of adults with no disabilities.
Alan A. Reich, President of N.O.D. stated, "These gaps
are unconscionable. America must do better!"a He
added,a "At a time when the U.S. unemployment rate is
at an historic low and there is a crying need for
workers, it is astounding to learn that the employment
gap remains so wide.a As the survey shows, over 72% of
people with disabilities out of the workforce want to
work and contribute to the economy.a America must
remove attitudinal and physical barriers in the
workplace and in all other areas of life."
Humphrey Taylor, Chairman of Louis Harris &
Associates, commented, "The purpose of this research
is not just to measure the gaps in key life areas
between people with and without disabilities, but to
provide information to help close them.a I anticipate
that the results will be used by people both inside
and outside the disability community, with the media,
with corporate America, legislators and state and
federal administrators."
This survey is rich with information stemming from the
answers to 145 questions on life activities considered
most important to people with disabilities.a Other
findings include:
* Only one-third (33%) of adults with disabilities
are very satisfied with life in general, compared
to 61% of the non-disabled population.a
* Only seven out of ten (69%) adults with
disabilities socialize with close friends,
relatives or neighbors at least once a week,
compared to more than eight out of ten (84%) among
the non-disabled, a gap of 15 percentage points.
* About a third (33%) of adults with disabilities go
to a restaurant at least once a week, compared to
six out of ten (60%) of those without
disabilities, a gap of 27 percentage points.
* Inadequate transportation is identified as a
problem by 30% of adults with disabilities.a
However, only 17% of non-disabled adults consider
daily transportation a problem in any way,
representing a gap of 13 percentage points.
What can Americans do to close these participation
gaps?a According to Reich, "A lot.a Each of us can
help eliminate the gaps in participation by finally
focusing on the abilities not disabilities of every
American."
Employment
* Employers - in business, government, public
agencies, community institutions and groups - all
can examine their practices and develop strategies
for seeking out and hiring people with
disabilities.
* Businesses must and can implement Americans with
Disabilities Act requirements for accommodations
in the workplace for people with disabilities, and
at reasonable cost.a Recent business studies show,
it requires on average less than $300 to
accommodate a worker with a disability.
* Home based employment and other forms of workplace
flexibility are beneficial to many workers,
including the disabled.a From working parents to
people with disabilities, many people are taking
advantage of technology advances that allow them
to telecommute and still play an active role in
filling the nation's growing job vacancies.
* Disability awareness and accessibility is good
business.a Consumers prefer to deal with
businesses that address their needs.a The 54
million Americans with disabilities are a prime
consumer market actively courted by companies who
can meet their needs.
* Use an untapped pool of talent.a People with
disabilities can contribute innovative and
resourceful thinking to the collective knowledge
of their workplaces and communities, because they
face unique external challenges as they negotiate
the physical world around them, as well as
internal challenges to their identity as
individuals and as members of society.
Communities
* Community groups, religious organizations,
professional and trade organizations, labor unions
and service organizations can examine their
practices and adopt plans for including disabled
persons.
* Elected local leaders and officials can ensure
that their communities are in full compliance with
the law - the Americans with Disabilities Act, the
Rehabilitation Act, the Motor Voter Law, and the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.
* Recreational, cultural and sports groups and
institutions should ensure full accessibility and
encourage participation of disabled persons.a The
recent debate about Casey Martin's participation
in the PGA tours highlights the bias people with
disabilities face in America today.
* Recognize people with disabilities as positive
contributors to community diversity.a People with
disabilities, the nation's largest minority, often
are not included as a group in corporate and
community planning, although they impact diversity
at least as much as other minority groups.a
Moreover the disability population is highly
diverse within itself, and, unlike other minority
groups anyone can join in an instant.aaa
Individuals
* Those of us with disabilities, family members and
friends can take the lead by providing guidance to
others in encouraging full participation of people
with disabilities in community life.
* Active involvement by people with disabilities in
educational and civic life on all levels expands
our awareness of how those outside the mainstream
live; this allows our communities to be more
thoughtfully inclusive of all differences.
* Americans must extend themselves to their fellow
citizens with disabilities, and overcome their
fears of the unknown.a We need to become more
aware of what people with disabilities can
contribute; we need to respect their abilities.
Across the Nation
* The media can ensure that people with disabilities
are portrayed fairly as individuals engaging in
public and private life.a Negative portrayals of
people with disabilities in movies, such as the
recent "There's Something About Mary", TV shows
and so on, are inaccurate and should not be
permitted.
* As more people with disabilities participate in
the various aspects of American life, the general
population will become more informed, and they
will abandon their stereotypes based on
misconceptions.a Attitudes will improve.a The full
participation of people with disabilities in an
increasingly diverse American population overall
will result.
* Just because we have enacted the ADA does not mean
that we can rely on it to change attitudes and
perceptions about America's disabled.a By valuing
each individual for his or her abilities allows
our nation to benefit globally by demonstrating
democracy at its best.
The National Organization on Disability promotes the
full and equal participation of America's 54 million
men, women and children with disabilities in all
aspects of life.a Founded in 1982, N.O.D. is the only
national network organization concerned with all
disabilities, all age groups and all disability
issues.a N.O.D. receives no government funds and is
supported entirely by private donations from
individuals, corporations and foundations.
For more information, contact N.O.D. at (202)
293-5960, TDD (202) 293-5968
Editor's Note: The full report "1998 N.O.D./Harris
Survey of Americans with Disabilities", (approximately
175 pages including tables and the 35-page survey
questionnaire showing answers to the 145 questions),
conducted by Louis Harris & Associates, will be
available in mid-August and may be purchased for $95
from the National Organization on Disability.a The
charge is $60 for disability organizations.a For a
limited time, media may request complimentary copies
for reporting and research needs.a To order your
report, contact N.O.D. at (202) 293-5960.
Contact:
Peter Risher
Louis Harris & Associates, Inc.
(212) 539-9656
Margaret Friedman
WITECK+COMBS COMMUNICATIONS
(202) 789-0200/ [log in to unmask]
----------
1998 National Organization on
Disability/Louis Harris & Associates Survey
of Americans with Disabilities
July 23, 1998
Executive Summary
The 1998 N.O.D./Harris 1998 Survey of Americans with
Disabilities, a nationwide survey of 1,000 Americans
with disabilities aged 16 and older, was conducted in
April and May of 1998. This survey has found that
Americans with disabilities continue to lag well
behind other Americans in many of the most basic
aspects of life, as previous Harris studies found in
1994 and 1986. Large gaps still exist between adults
with disabilities and other adults with regard to
employment, education, income, frequency of
socializing and other basic measures of ten major
"indicator" areas of life. Furthermore, most of these
gaps show little evidence of narrowing. In some cases,
the gaps have even widened.
Employment continues to be the area with the widest
gulf between those who are disabled and those who are
not. Only three in ten working-age adults with
disabilities are employed full or part-time, compared
to eight in ten non-disabled adults. Working age
adults with disabilities are no more likely to be
employed today than they were a decade ago, even
though almost three out of four who are not working
say that they would prefer to be working. This low
rate of employment has, in turn, led to an income gap
that has not narrowed at all since 1986, with one in
three disabled adults, compared to just one in eight
non-disabled Americans, living in very low income
households with less than $15,000 in annual income.
And, while adults with disabilities continue to make
progress in higher education - they are now just as
likely to have completed at least some college as
other adults - they continue to lag behind in getting
a basic education, with one in five failing to
complete high school, compared to only one in ten
non-disabled adults.
These gaps in employment, income, and education, along
with gaps in frequency of socializing, entertainment,
and access to transportation and health care can
arguably be linked to the gap that exists in life
satisfaction. Only about one in three Americans with
disabilities say that they are very satisfied with
life in general, compared to fully six out of ten
non-disabled Americans. And while the proportion of
the disabled who are very satisfied has not declined
in the past four years, the proportion who feel that
their disability has prevented them from reaching
their full abilities as a person has increased
considerably during this same time period. There is
some evidence that over the past decade that these
gaps have persisted, adults with disabilities have, as
a group, become even more disabled, possibly
explaining the obstinacy of some of the gaps. Adults
with disabilities are more likely today than in the
past to say that their disability is very or somewhat
severe, that they are unable to work because of their
disability, that their disability prevents them from
"getting around", and that they need help from another
person in work, school or housework. Although adults
with disabilities are, on average, more than a decade
older than other adults, there is no evidence to
indicate that the apparent increase in severity has
been caused by an increase in the average age of the
disabled population since 1986. Regardless of the
cause, if the disabled population has become more
severely disabled and the trend continues, there is a
real danger that the gaps will not only persist, but
further widen in coming years unless more aggressive
measures are taken to address them.
Although the gaps in income, access, participation,
and satisfaction between those with and those without
disabilities are wide - and in some cases widening - a
clear majority of Americans with disabilities believe
that life has improved for disabled people over the
past decade. Two out of three feel that things have
gotten much better or somewhat better over the past
ten years, and a majority feel that access to public
facilities, quality of life, public attitudes toward
people with disabilities, how the media portray people
with disabilities, and access to public transportation
have gotten better over the past four years. Perhaps
encouraged through their growing awareness of the
Americans with Disabilities Act and belief that laws
have been passed in recent years to provide protection
to people with disabilities, those with disabilities,
on the whole, continue to maintain a relatively upbeat
outlook.
Gaps Between Those With and Those Without Disabilities
Employment
* Among adults with disabilities of working age (18
to 64), three out of ten (29%) work full or
part-time, compared to eight out of ten (79%) of
those without disabilities, a gap of fifty
percentage points.
* The proportion of working-age adults with
disabilities who are employed has actually
declined since 1986, when one in three (34%) were
working. However, since 1986, the percentage of
working age adults with disabilities who describe
themselves as completely unable to work because of
their disability or health problem has risen
steadily, from three out of ten (30%) in 1986 to
over four out of ten (44%) today. Among those with
disabilities who are not working, but do not
describe themselves as completely unable to work,
the proportion who are employed has not declined
since 1986.
* Among those with disabilities age 16-64 who are
not employed, seven out of ten (72%) say that they
would prefer to be working.
* Two out of three adults with disabilities say that
their disability has prevented (41%) or made it
more difficult for them (26%) to get the kind of
job they would like to have.
* Among adults with disabilities who work full-time,
fewer than half (46%) say that their work requires
them to use their full talents or abilities,
compared to two out of three (66%) in 1994.
* Adults with disabilities who are working full-time
are more likely today than in 1994 to say that one
of the barriers they have faced in trying to find
a job is that "the jobs I could get don't pay
enough" (47% vs. 31%).
Education
* One out of five (20%) adults with disabilities
aged 18 and over has not graduated from high
school, compared to only one out of ten (9%)
adults with no disabilities. The percentage of
adults with disabilities without a high school
education continues to exceed the rest of the
population by eleven percentage points, similar to
the gap in 1994 (24% vs. 12%).
* Adults who describe themselves as severely
disabled are even more likely not to have
completed high school (22%, vs. 14% of those who
describe their disability as slight or moderate).
Frequency of Socializing
* Only seven out of ten (69%) adults with
disabilities socialize with close friends,
relatives, or neighbors at least once a week,
compared to more than eight out of ten (84%) of
the non-disabled population. Although this gap of
fifteen percentage points is marginally smaller
than in 1994 (when it was eighteen percentage
points), it is still greater than the ten
percentage point gap existing in 1986.
Furthermore, this gap has gotten wider since 1986
due to a decline in frequency of socializing among
the disabled population rather than an increase
among the non-disabled, with the frequency of
socializing among the non-disabled remaining
relatively constant over the past twelve years
(85%, 86%, 84% in 1986, 1994, and 1998,
respectively).
Attendance at Religious Services
* Just over half (54%) of adults with disabilities
go to church, synagogue, or another place of
worship at least once a month, compared to almost
six out of ten (57%) of those without
disabilities. This gap has decreased since 1986
when it was eleven percentage points (55% among
persons with disabilities, 66% among the
non-disabled) to three percentage points today.
However, this gap has narrowed because of a
decline in participation among the non-disabled,
rather than an increase in participation among the
disabled population.
Going to a Restaurant
* About a third (33%) of adults with disabilities go
to a restaurant at least once a week, compared to
six out of ten (60%) of those without
disabilities. This gap of twenty-seven percentage
points has widened since 1994 when it was
twenty-one percentage points (34% among persons
with disabilities, and 55% among the
non-disabled), and is now just as large as it was
in 1986 (34% and 58%, respectively), with no
apparent increase in the frequency of
restaurant-going among the disabled in more than a
decade.
Political Participation
* Only six out of ten (62%) adults with disabilities
was registered to vote in the 1996 Presidential
election, compared to almost eight out of ten
(78%) among the non-disabled population, according
to the Current Population Survey, representing a
gap of sixteen percentage points.
* One in four (25%) adults with disabilities has
been offered voter registration services from a
government or community agency in the last five
years.
Income
* Fully a third (34%) of adults with disabilities
lived in a household with an annual income of less
than $15,000 in 1997, compared to only about one
in eight (12%) of those without disabilities. This
twenty-two percentage point gap between the
percentage of disabled and non-disabled persons
living in very low income households has remained
virtually constant since 1986 (40% of persons with
disabilities vs. 18% of the non-disabled in 1994;
51% and 29%, respectively in 1986).
Access to Transportation
* Inadequate transportation is considered a problem
by three out of ten (30%) adults with disabilities
(17% "major problem, 13% "minor problem"), but by
only one out of six (17%) adults without
disabilities (7% "major problem, 10% "minor
problem"), a gap of thirteen percentage points.
Health Care
* One out of five (21%) adults with a disability did
not get medical care that they needed on at least
one occasion during the past year, compared to one
in ten (11%) adults without a disability, a gap of
ten percentage points.
* One in four (28%) adults with disabilities
postponed getting health care they thought they
needed in the past year because they couldn't
afford it.
* Although nine out ten (90%) adults with
disabilities are covered by health insurance, (a
marginal increase over 1994, when 86% were
covered), adults with disabilities are more likely
than other adults (23% vs. 13%) to say that they
are dissatisfied with the health care services
they and their family have used in the last few
years. Among those with disabilities who are
insured, one in three (32%) say they have special
needs because of their disability (such as
particular therapies, equipment, or medicine) that
are not covered by their health insurance.
* Among adults with disabilities who are not covered
by health insurance, one in five (18%) were not
able to get insurance because of a disability or
preexisting health condition.
Satisfaction with Life
* Only about one in three (33%) adults with
disabilities is very satisfied with life in
general, compared to fully six out of ten (61%)
non-disabled adults. This gap, currently
twenty-eight percentage points, has widened over
the past four years (35% of those with
disabilities were very satisfied in 1994, compared
to 55% of the non-disabled population, for a gap
of twenty percentage points) with the non-disabled
population becoming considerably more optimistic,
but those with disabilities showing no increase in
optimism. Moreover, this gap is much wider than in
1986, when it was only eleven percentage points
(39% very satisfied among the disabled, 50% very
satisfied among the non-disabled). Although much
of the widening of the gap is due to this
increased optimism among the non-disabled, the
proportion of adults with disabilities who are
very satisfied with life has significantly
declined since 1986 (33% today, down from 39%).
Key Findings Apart From Gaps
People with disabilities describe themselves as more
severely disabled, more in need of assistance from
another person, and less able to work because of their
disability or health problem today compared to 1994
and 1986.
* Almost two out of three adults with disabilities
describe their disability as very (26%) or
somewhat (37%) severe, compared to only six out of
ten in 1994 (24% very, 35% somewhat) and just over
half in 1986 (24% very, 28% somewhat).
* More than four out of ten (43%) adults with
disabilities who are of working age describe
themselves as completely unable to work because of
their disability or health problem. This
proportion has increased steadily for more than a
decade, with three in ten (30%) of those with
disabilities describing themselves this way in
1986, and about a third (35%) describing
themselves this way in 1994.
* Seven out of ten (69%) adults with disabilities
say that their disability prevents them in some
way from getting around, attending cultural or
sports events, or socializing with friends outside
their home as much as they'd like to, compared to
only 64% in 1994, and 56% in 1986.
* Almost two out of three (66%) adults with
disabilities say that they need help from another
person in work, school, housework, or other
activities, compared to fewer than six out of ten
(58%) in 1994. Although the vast majority (84%)
get the help they need, one in six (16%) does not.
Many people with disabilities continue to feel that
the rest of the population treats them as if they are
different, and to have a strong sense of common
identity with other people with disabilities.
* Fewer than half (45%) of adults with disabilities
say that people generally treat them as an equal
after they learn they have a disability, virtually
the same proportion as in 1994 (47%), and still
considerably smaller than in 1986 (56%).
* A slim majority (52%) adults with disabilities
continue to have a strong sense of common identity
with other people with a disability, as they did
in 1994 (54%). The proportion who feel this way is
still considerably higher than in 1986 (40%).
* Two out of three (67%) adults with disabilities
feel that their disability has prevented them from
reaching their full abilities as a person, a
considerably larger proportion than in 1986 (57%).
Adults with disabilities consider the same things
to be problems today that they considered problems
in 1994, with lack of money still considered the
biggest problem by far that they face among a list
of several potential problems.
* Remarkably similar figures in 1994 and 1998 reveal
that the problems faced by adults with
disabilities are little different today than they
were four years ago. "Not having enough money" is
considered to be at least a minor problem by two
out of three (68%) adults with disabilities, and a
major problem by four out of ten (39%).
* Inadequate health insurance (23% major problem),
inadequate work opportunities (21% major problem),
and not having a full social life (21% major
problem) are considered major problems by at least
one in five adults with disabilities.
* Inadequate transportation (17%), negatives
attitudes toward one's disability (10%), and poor
access to public facilities (10%) are less likely
to be considered major problems.
Despite persistent gaps in key aspects of life, most
adults with disabilities continue to feel, as they did
in 1994, that progress has been made in a number of
areas for people with disabilities in recent years.
* Two out of three adults with disabilities (66%)
feel that "thingsain general" for Americans with
disabilities have gotten better in the past ten
years, a marginally larger proportion than in 1994
(62%), although still fewer than in 1986 (72%).
* A majority of adults with disabilities feel that
access to public facilities (75%), the quality of
life for people with disabilities (66%), public
attitudes toward people with disabilities (63%),
how the media portray people with disabilities
(62%), access to public transportation (60%), and
including people with a disability in advertising
(57%) have all gotten better for people with
disabilities over the past four years. The
proportion who think that each of these has gotten
better has remained remarkably constant since
1994.
* On the other hand, those with disabilities are
less optimistic about their own quality of life in
the near future, with fewer than half (46%,
marginally down from the 48% in 1994) believing
that their quality of life will improve over the
next four years. Adults with disabilities are more
likely to say that they have heard of the ADA than
in 1994, but a substantial minority are still not
aware of it. Among those aware of the ADA, most
think that it has not had a significant impact on
their life.
* A larger proportion of respondents than in 1994
(54% vs. 42%) think that laws have been passed in
the last ten years to give more protection to
people with disabilities.
* Just over half (54%) of adults with disabilities
have heard of the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA), a significant increase since 1994 (40%).
* One in three (35%) respondents thinks that the ADA
has made his or her life better, as opposed to
worse (1%) or no different (58%). In 1994, one in
three (35%) thought that the ADA would make his or
her life better.
A Comparison Between Persons With and
Without Disabilities on "Indicator" Measures
(1998)
| Persons With Disabilities | Persons Without
Disabilities | Gap in Percentage Points
Base: | 989 | 905 |
| % | % |
Employment
Works either full- or part-time (18-64) | 29 | 79 |
50
Education*
Has not graduated from high school | 20 | 9 | 11
Socializing
Socializes with close friends, relatives, or neighbors
at least once a week | 69 | 84 | 15
Attendance at Religious Services
Goes to church, synagogue, or any other place of
worship at least once a month | 54 | 57 | 3
Going to a Restaurant
Goes to a restaurant at least once a week | 33 | 60
| 27
Political Participation**
Registered to vote in 1996 Presidential election** |
62 | 78 | 16
Income*
Annual household income $15,000 or less | 34 | 12 |
22
Access to Transportation*
Inadequate transportation considered a problem | 30
| 17 | 13
Health Care*
Did not get needed care on at least one occasion in
past year | 21 | 11 | 10
Satisfaction with Life
Very satisfied with life in general | 33 | 61 | 28
*These variables are "negative", i.e., a high score is
"bad"
**Source: 1996 Current Population Survey
Key Indicators by Severity of Disability
(1998)
| Very Severely Disabled | Very or Somewhat
Severely Disabled | All Persons With Disabilities |
Persons Without Disabilities
Base: | 268 | 647 | 989 | 905
| % | % | % | %
Employment
Works either full- or part-time (18-64) | 11 | 14 |
29 | 79
Education*
Has not graduated from high school | 25 | 22 | 20
| 9
Socializing
Socializes with close friends, relatives, or neighbors
at least once a week | 62 | 66 | 69 | 84
Attendance at Religious Services
Goes to church, synagogue, or any other place of
worship at least once a month | 45 | 51 | 54 | 57
Going to a Restaurant
Goes to a restaurant at least once a week | 25 | 27
| 33 | 60
Political Participation**
Registered to vote in 1996 Presidential election* |
N/A | N/A | 62 | 78
Income*
Annual household income $15,000 or less | 38 | 35 |
34 | 12
Access to Transportation*
Inadequate transportation considered a problem | 40
| 34 | 30 | 17
Health Care*
Did not get needed care on at least one occasion in
past year | 23 | 22 | 21 | 11
Satisfaction with Life
Very satisfied with life in general | 29 | 29 | 33
| 61
*These variables are "negative", i.e., a high score is
"bad"
**Source: 1996 Current Population Survey
Key Indicators -- Trends 1986-1998
1986 | 1994 | 1998
Base: | 981 | 1003 | 989
% | % | %
Employment
Works either full- or part-time (18-64) | 34 | 31 |
29
Education*
Has not graduated from high school | 39 | 24 | 20
Socializing
Socializes with close friends, relatives, or neighbors
at least once a week | 75 | 68 | 69
Attendance at Religious Services
Goes to church, synagogue, or any other place of
worship at least once a month | 55 | 48 | 54
Going to a Restaurant
Goes to a restaurant at least once a week | 34 | 34
| 33
Income*
Annual household income $15,000 or less | 51 | 40 |
34
Health Care*
Did not get needed care on at least one occasion in
past year | N/A | 18 | 21
Satisfaction with Life
Very satisfied with life in general | 39 | 35 | 33
*These variables are "negative", i.e., a high score is
"bad"
Trends in "Gaps" for Indicator Measures
(Percentage Points)
1986 Gaps | 1994 Gaps | 1998 Gaps
Education*
Has not graduated from high school | 24 | 12 | 11
Socializing
Socializes with close friends, relatives, or neighbors
at least once a week | 10 | 18 | 15
Attendance at Religious Services
Goes to church, synagogue, or any other place of
worship at least once a month | 11 | 10 | 3
Going to a Restaurant
Goes to a restaurant at least once a week | 24 | 21
| 27
Income*
Annual household income $15,000 or less | 22 | 22 |
22
Health Care*
Did not get needed care on at least one occasion in
past year | N/A | 5 | 10
Satisfaction with Life
Very satisfied with life in general | 11 | 20 | 28
*These variables are "negative", i.e., a high score is
"bad"
A Comparison Between Persons With and
Without Disabilities on "Indicator" Measures
(1994)
Persons With Disabilities | Persons Without
Disabilities | Gap in Percentage Points
Base: | 1003 | 1115 |
% | % |
Education*
Has not graduated from high school | 75 | 88 | 13
Socializing
Socializes with close friends, relatives, or neighbors
at least once a week | 69 | 86 | 17
Attendance at Religious Services
Goes to church, synagogue, or any other place of
worship at least once a month | 36 | 43 | 7
Going to a Restaurant
Goes to a restaurant at least once a week | 35 | 55
| 20
Income*
Annual household income $15,000 or less | 40 | 18 |
22
Health Care*
Did not get needed care on at least one occasion in
past year | 18 | 13 | 15
Satisfaction with Life
Very satisfied with life in general | 35 | 55 | 20
*These variables are "negative", i.e., a high score is
"bad"
A Comparison Between Persons With and
Without Disabilities on "Indicator" Measures
(1986)
Persons With Disabilities | Persons Without
Disabilities | Gap in Percentage Points
Base: | 981 | 1064 |
% | % |
Education*
Has not graduated from high school | 60 | 85 | 20
Socializing
Socializes with close friends, relatives, or neighbors
at least once a week | 75 | 85 | 10
Attendance at Religious Services
Goes to church, synagogue, or any other place of
worship at least once a month | 40 | 53 | 13
Going to a Restaurant
Goes to a restaurant at least once a week | 34 | 58
| 24
Income*
Annual household income $15,000 or less | 50 | 29 |
21
Satisfaction with Life
Very satisfied with life in general | 39 | 50 | 11
*These variables are "negative", i.e., a high score is
"bad"
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End of Document
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