* Today in Black History - April 18 *
1818 - Andrew Jackson defeats a force of Indians and African
Americans at the Battle of Suwanee, ending the First
Seminole War.
1861 - Nicholas Biddle, aide or orderly to Captain James Wren of
the Washington Artillerists, becomes the first African
American in uniform to be wounded in the Civil War. He
will also be considered the Union's first war-time
casualty. His company of volunteers were traveling
through Baltimore, Maryland en route to Washington, DC to
become the first organized troops of Northern volunteers
to reach the nation's capital after the start of the Civil
War and go down in history as the "First Defenders."
Nicholas Biddle is 65 years of age at the time. He will
join the ancestors on August 2, 1876 in Pottsville,
Pennsylvania at the age of 82.
1864 - The First Kansas Colored Volunteers break through
Confederate lines at Poison Spring, Arkansas. The
unit will sustain heavy losses when captured African
American soldiers are murdered by Confederate troops
as opposed to being taken as POWs, which is the
standard treatment for captured whites.
1877 - The American Nicodemus Town Company is founded by six
African American settlers in northwestern Kansas. The
town will be settled later in the year.
1924 - Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown is born in Vinton, Louisiana
and will be raised in Orange, Texas. He will become a
blues musician and will be inspired by the sounds of
T-Bone Walker, Count Basie and Duke Ellington. He will
become a Grammy winner in 1983 and be nominated five
other times. He will be unrivaled in his ability to
seamlessly combine blues, country, soul and jazzy Rhythm
& Blues. He will be best known for his hits, "Okie Dokie
Stomp," "Boogie Rambler," "Just Before Dawn," "Dirty Work
At The Crossroads," and "Gatemouth Boogie." In 1997 he
will be honored by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation, and
in 1999, be inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame. He will
join the ancestors on September 10, 2005.
1941 - Bus companies in New York City agree to hire African
American drivers and mechanics. This agreement ends a
four-week boycott.
1941 - Dr. Robert Weaver is named director of Office of
Production Management section, charged with integrating
African Americans into the National Defense Program.
1955 - The Bandung Conference of leaders of "colored" nations
of Africa and Asia opens in Indonesia. Hosted by
Indonesian President Sukarno, the conference is
attended by representatives of 29 African and Asian
countries. Its main objective was to express their
opposition to the colonialist and imperialist policies
of First World nations.
1961 - James Benton Parsons is the first African American judge
of a U.S. district court in the continental United
States. Chicago attorney Parsons is appointed judge of
the U.S. District Court of Northern Illinois.
1983 - Alice Walker is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for "The
Color Purple." Ten days later, the novel will also win
the American Book Award for fiction.
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