*		Today in Black History - August 1                *

1619 - Twenty African "Negroes" became the first Blacks to land in 
	Protestant America at Jamestown, Virginia.  Surviving 
	evidence suggests that the twenty Africans were accorded 
	the status of indentured servants.

1834 - Slavery is abolished in the British Empire by the royal 
	ascent of the King of England after having been voted by 
	Parliament the previous year.

1838 - British slaves in the Bahamas are emancipated.

1852 - San Francisco Methodists establish the first African 
	American Zion Methodist Church.

1867 - African Americans vote for the first time in a state 
	election, in Tennessee, helping the Republicans sweep the 
	election.

1867 - General Philip H. Sheridan dismisses the board of aldermen 
	in New Orleans and named new appointees, including several 
	African Americans.  

1868 - Governor Henry C. Warmoth of Louisiana endorses a joint 
	resolution of the legislature calling for federal military 
	aid.  Warmoth says there had been 150 political 
	assassinations in June and July.

1874 - Charles Clinton Spaulding is born in Columbus County, North 
	Carolina. He will become a businessman who will rise to the 
	presidency of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance 
	Company. His business acumen will help the company survive 
	the years of the Great Depression. Also active in the 
	Durham, North Carolina community where the corporation is 
	located, he will work to increase the numbers of registered
	African American voters and convince the city to hire 
	African American police officers. He will lead the company
	from 1900 until he joins the ancestors on August 1, 1952.

1879 - Mary Eliza Mahoney graduates from the nursing program at the 
	New England Hospital for Women and Children.  She is the 
	first African American to graduate from a nursing school and
	becomes the first African American in history to earn a 
	professional nursing license.

1894 - Benjamin Elijah Mays is born in Epworth, South Carolina. He 
	will become a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Bates College in 
	Maine. He will serve as pastor of Shiloh Baptist Church from 
	1921-1923 in Atlanta, Georgia. Recruited by Morehouse President 
	John Hope, Mays will join the faculty as a mathematics teacher 
	and debate coach. He will obtain a master's degree in 1925 and 
	in 1935 a Ph.D. degree from the University of Chicago. In 1934, 
	he will be appointed dean of the School of Religion at Howard 
	University and serve until 1940. He will become president of 
	Morehouse College in 1940 and launch a 27-year tenure that 
	will shepherd the institution into international prominence. He 
	will upgrade the faculty, secure a Phi Beta Kappa chapter and 
	sustain enrollment during World War II.  After retiring as the 
	president of Morehouse, he will be elected to the school board 
	of Atlanta, Georgia and later serve as its president. In
	1982, he will be awarded the NAACP's Spingarn Medal.  He 
	will join the ancestors on March 28, 1984.

1914 - Marcus Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Movement
	Improvement and Conservation Association and African 
	Communities' League, later shortened to UNIA.  In New York 
	City six years later to the day, the UNIA will meet in 
	Madison Square Garden as Garvey presents his "Back to 
	Africa" plan and a formal Declaration of Rights for Black 
	people worldwide.

1918 - Theodore Juson Jemison, Sr. is born in Selma, Alabama. He 
	will become a Baptist minister and will later be elected 
	president of the National Baptist Convention USA.

1920 - The national convention of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro 
	Improvement Association opens in Liberty Hall in Harlem. 
	The next night Garvey addresses twenty-five thousand Blacks 
	in Madison Square Garden.  Garvey's nationalist movement 
	reaches its height in 1920-21.

1925 - The National Bar Association, dedicated to "advance the 
	science of jurisprudence, uphold the honor of the legal 
	profession...and protect the civil and political rights of 
	all citizens of the several states of the United States," 
	is formally organized in Des Moines, Iowa by 12 African 
	American legal pioneers including George H. Woodson, S. 
	Joe Brown, and Gertrude E. Rush.

1930 - Geoffrey Holder is born. He will become a Broadway dancer 
	and actor and will be best known for his performances in 
	"Annie" and "The Wiz."

1940 - Benjamin E. Mays, who has been called "the greatest school 
	master of his generation," is named president of Morehouse 
	College.

1941 - Ronald H. Brown is born in Washington, DC.  He will become 
	the first African American chairman of the Democratic 
	National Committee and Secretary of Commerce. He will join 
	the ancestors in 1996 in Croatia when his plane crashes 
	while on an official tour of the Balkans for the Department 
	of Commerce.

1943 - Race-related rioting erupts in New York City's village of
	Harlem, resulting in several deaths.  

1944 - Adam Clayton Powell is elected to congress and becomes the 
	first African American congressman from the East.

1950 - The American Bowling Congress ends its all-white-males rule. 

1952 - Charles Clinton Spaulding joins the ancestors in Durham, 
	North Carolina at the age of 78.

1960 - Benin changes its name to Dahomey and proclaims its 
	independence from France.

1960 - Chubby Checker's "The Twist" is released.  The song 
	inspires the dance craze of the '60s.  

1961 - Whitney Young Jr. is named executive director of the 
	National Urban League.

1964 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first African American to be named 
	to the U.S. Davis Cup tennis team.

1970 - "Black Enterprise" magazine is first published.

1970 - Willie Stargell, of the Pittsburgh Pirates, ties the record 
	of 5 extra base hits in a game.

1973 - Tempestt Bledsoe, actress, "The Cosby Show's" Vanessa 
	Huxtable, is born in Chicago, Illinois.

1977 - Benjamin  L. Hooks becomes the Executive Director of the 
	NAACP.

1979 - James Patterson Lyke is installed as auxiliary bishop of 
	the Cleveland Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church.

1987 - Mike Tyson defeats Tony Tucker to become undisputed 
	Heavyweight Boxing Champion. 

1992 - The Supreme Court permits the administration to continue 
	its special interdiction policy by which the U.S. Coast 
	Guard patrols international waters near Haiti to prevent 
	Haitian citizens from escaping from their country, and 
	Haiti is the only country in the world to receive such 
	treatment by the United States.

1992 - Gail Devers wins the women's 100 meters at the Barcelona 
	Summer Games.

1993 - Ronald H. Brown, former chairman of the Democratic 
	National Committee, is appointed head of the Department 
	of Commerce by President Bill Clinton.

1994 - Supporters of Haiti's military rulers declare their 
	intention to fight back in the face of a U.N. resolution 
	paving the way for a U.S.-led invasion.

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