* Today in Black History - January 23 *
1837 - Amanda Berry Smith is born into slavery in Long Green, Maryland.
She will be widowed twice, after which she will attempt to
minister to her people. Unable to preach in the AME Church,
which did not ordain women ministers, Smith will become an
independent missionary and travel throughout the United States
and three continents. She will publish her autobiography,
"Amanda Smith's Story - The Story of the Lord's Dealings with
Mrs. Amanda Smith, The Colored Evangelist," in 1893.
1891 - Provident Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, the first African
American hospital, is founded by Dr. Daniel Hale Williams.
He also establishes the Provident Hospital School of Nursing
around the same time, because Emma Reynolds, an African
American, had been denied admission to every school of nursing
in the city of Chicago.
1941 - Richard Wright is awarded the NAACP's Spingarn Medal for his
book, "Native Son."
1943 - Duke Ellington's band plays for a black-tie crowd at Carnegie
Hall in New York City. It is the first of what will become an
annual series of concerts for 'The Duke'.
1945 - The Army Nurse Corps discontinues its color barrier and starts
admitting nurses without regard to race. This is due primarily
to the pressure applied by the National Association of Colored
Nursing Graduates (NACGN) and other groups.
1962 - Demonstrations against discrimination in off-campus housing are
staged by students at University of Chicago for fourteen days.
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) charges that the
university operates segregated apartment houses.
1964 - The 24th amendment to the United States' Constitution, abolishing
the poll tax in federal elections, is ratified. The poll tax
had been used extensively in the South as a means of preventing
African Americans from voting.
1976 - Paul Robeson joins the ancestors, as the result of a stroke, in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He had been a world-renown actor and
singer. He was perhaps the best known and most widely respected
African American of the 1930s and 1940s. Robeson was also a
staunch supporter of the Soviet Union, and a man, later in his
life, widely vilified and censored for his frankness and
unyielding views on issues to which public opinion ran contrary.
As a young man, Robeson was virile, charismatic, eloquent, and
powerful. He learned to speak more than 20 languages in order to
break down the barriers of race and ignorance throughout the world,
and yet, as Sterling Stuckey pointed out in the "New York Times
Book Review," for the last 25 years of his life his was "a great
whisper and a greater silence in black America."
1977 - The first episode of "Roots," adapted from the "New York Times"
bestseller by Alex Haley, is aired on ABC. Over the next
several nights, 130 million Americans will be transfixed before
their televisions as the story of Kunta Kinte is told.
1985 - O.J. Simpson becomes the first Heisman Trophy winner to be
inducted into pro football's Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio.
Roger Staubach of the Dallas Cowboys, another Heisman winner, is
also elected, but is after O.J. in the sequence of induction.
1986 - The first annual induction ceremony for the Rock 'N' Roll Hall
of Fame is held in New York City. Among those inducted were
Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, and Fats Domino.
1989 - In "City of Richmond vs. J.A. Croson Co.," the United States
Supreme Court invalidates the city's minority set-aside program,
a major setback for the concept's proponents.
2003 - Nell Carter, Tony Award winner and television star, joins the
ancestors at the age of 54. She had suffered from diabetes for
years and underwent brain surgery in 1992 to remove an aneurysm.
She recovered and continued to perform, mostly on stage.
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