*                 Today in Black History - January 1                  *

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* The Nguzo Saba - The seven principles of Kwanzaa - Principle for    *
* Day #7 - Imani (ee-MAH-nee) Faith: To believe with all our hearts   *
* in our parents, our teachers, our leaders, our people and the       *
* righteousness and victory of our struggle.                          *
* http://www.endarkenment.com/kwanzaa/                                *
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1788 - The Quakers in Pennsylvania emancipate their slaves.

1804 - Haiti achieves independence from France.

1808 - The slave trade is outlawed in the United States.  This stopped
        the legal importation of African slaves, but did not stop domestic
        trading in slaves.

1831 - William Lloyd Garrison publishes the first issue of "The
        Liberator" in Boston, Massachusetts.  The newspaper will become
        a major influence in the movement to abolish slavery in the
        United States.

1856 - Bridget "Biddy" Mason and her children are granted their freedom by
        the California courts.  After gaining her freedom, she will move
        to Los Angeles, where she will become a major landowner and be
        known for her philanthropy to the poor.

1863 - President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation,
        declaring freedom for slaves living in the states that joined
        the rebellion that will become known as the Civil War.

1900 - The British protectorates of Northern & Southern Nigeria are
        established.

1916 - The first issue of the "Journal of Negro History" is published
        with Carter G. Woodson as editor.

1917 - Ulysses Simpson Kay is born in Tucson, Arizona.  He will become
        a classical composer and one of the first American composers
        to travel to the Soviet Union.  He will be known for his works
        for orchestra, piano, and chamber ensemble.

1956 - Sudan becomes independent.

1959 - Chad becomes an autonomous republic within the French Community.

1960 - Cameroon gains independence from France.

1962 - Rwanda is granted internal self-government by Belgium.

1964 - The Federation of Rhodesia & Nyasaland is dissolved.

1973 - The West African Economic Community is formed with Benin, Ivory
        Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, and Upper Volta as
        members.

1986 - Aruba becomes an independent part of Kingdom of the Netherlands.

1990 - David Dinkins is sworn in as first African American mayor of
        New York City.

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