*                Today in Black History - January 22                *

 

1801 - Haitian liberator, Toussaint L'Ouverture, enters Santiago to 

            battle the French Armed Forces.

 

1891 - The "Lodge Bill," which called for federal supervision of U.S.

            elections, is abandoned in the Senate after a Southern 

            filibuster.

 

1906 - Twenty-eight-year-old Meta Vaux Warrick's sculpture "Portraits

            from Mirrors" is exhibited at the 101st Annual Exhibition of

            the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia,

            Pennsylvania.  Although it is one of the first major showings 

            of her work, the young Warrick (later Fuller) has already 

            studied sculpture with the legendary Auguste Rodin and had 

            her work exhibited in Paris at S. Bing's Gallery Nouveau.

 

1920 - William Caesar Warfield is born in West Helena, Arkansas, the 

            eldest of five sons.  He will become a singer and have his 

            recital debut in New York's famous Town Hall on March 19, 

            1950, putting him into the front ranks of concert artists 

            overnight. His career will span almost fifty years and among 

            his frequent appearances in foreign countries, this artist 

            has made six separate tours for the U.S. Department of State, 

            more than any other American solo artist.   He will receive 

            a Grammy in the "Spoken Word" category (1984) for his 

            outstanding narration of Aaron Copeland's "A Lincoln Portrait"

            accompanied by the Eastman Philharmonic Orchestra.  He is 

            best known for his role in "Showboat." He will join the 

            ancestors on August 26, 2002.

 

1924 - James Louis (J.J.) Johnson is born in Indianapolis, Indiana.  

            He will become one of the greatest trombonists and composers 

            in jazz.  He will be originally influenced by Fred Beckett of 

            Harlan Leonard's band.  Soon thereafter, he will join Benny 

            Carter.  He will play with Count Basie (1945-1946) and record

            his first solo improvisation.  During the 1954-1956 period, 

            J.J. Johnson will take a brief break from bands and team up 

            with Kai Winding for a commercially successful trombone duo.  

            He will prefer the use of pure tones when playing the trombone,

            focusing on line, interval and accent.  His solos will show 

            virtuosity because of their remarkable mobility, which many

            artists find difficult to duplicate or imitate.  These 

            endeavors will be fruitless in the early 1950s and for a 

            couple of years he will work as a blueprint inspector.  In the

            1970s, Johnson will move from New Jersey to California, 

            concentrating exclusively on film and television scoring.  In 

            1984, Johnson will reenter the jazz scene with a tour of the 

            "European Festival Circuit."  He will join the ancestors in 

            1991 from complications from a stroke.

 

1931 - Samuel "Sam" Cooke is born in Clarksdale, Mississippi.  He will

            grow up in Chicago, Illinois, after moving there with his 

            family in 1933. He will become a singer and be best known for 

            his recordings "You Send Me" and "Twisting the Night Away." 

            Cooke will be one of the most popular singers of the 1960's. 

            He will join the ancestors on December 11, 1964.  He will be 

            inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 23, 

            1986.

 

1960 - Sugar Ray Robinson loses the Middleweight Boxing Championship 

            to Paul Pender in a 15-round decision.

 

1961 - Wilma Rudolph, the 1960 Olympic gold medalist and track star,

            sets a world indoor mark in the women's 60-yard dash, with a 

            speedy 6.9 seconds in a meet held in Los Angeles, California.

 

1962 - Baseball Writers elect Jackie Robinson into the Baseball Hall 

            of Fame.

 

1973 - George Foreman takes the heavyweight boxing title away from 

            'Smokin' Joe Frazier in Kingston, Jamaica in the second round.

            Foreman will knock 'Smokin' Joe down six times on his way to

            victory.

 

1981 - Samuel Pierce is named Secretary of Housing and Urban 

            Development (HUD).  One of the few African Americans in the 

            Reagan administration, there will be high expectations for 

            his potential to effect change, but Pierce's leadership will 

            be severely questioned as scandal rocks his department in 

            1989. An estimated $ 2 billion will be lost due to fraud and 

            mismanagement during Pierce's tenure.

 

1988 - Heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson knocks out former 

            champion Larry Holmes in 4 rounds.


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