* Today in Black History - September 23 *
1667 - In Williamsburg, Virginia, a law was passed, barring
slaves from obtaining their freedom by converting to
Christianity.
1862 - A draft of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation is
published in Northern Newspapers.
1863 - Mary Church (later Terrell) is born in Memphis,
Tennessee. She will be one of the first African American
women to earn a college degree, and will become known as
a national activist for civil rights and suffrage. In
1909, she will be a founding member of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She
will teach and become a principal at an academic high
school in Washington, DC. In 1896, she will be the first
African American woman in the United States to be
appointed to a school board of a major city, serving in
the District of Columbia until 1906. She will lead
several important associations, including the National
Association of Colored Women. She also will be a U.S.
delegate to the International Peace Conference. She will
join the ancestors on July 24, 1954.
1926 - John Coltrane is born in Hamlet, North Carolina. He will
become a brilliant jazz saxophonist and composer who
will be considered the father of avant-garde jazz. He will
work in the bebop and hard bop idioms early in his career,
helping pioneer the use of modes in jazz and be later at
the forefront of free jazz. He will lead at least fifty
recording sessions during his career, and appear as a
sideman on many albums by other musicians, including
trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. As his
career progresses, he and his music will take on an
increasingly spiritual dimension. He will influence
innumerable musicians, and remain one of the most
significant saxophonists in music history. He will receive
many posthumous awards and recognitions, including
canonization by the African Orthodox Church as Saint John
William Coltrane and a special Pulitzer Prize in 2007. His
second wife will be pianist Alice Coltrane and their son
Ravi Coltrane will also become a saxophonist. He will join
the ancestors on July 17, 1967.
1930 - Ray Charles (Robinson) is born in Albany, Georgia. Blind
by the age of six, he will study music and form his own
band at the age of 24. A recorded performance at the
Newport Jazz Festival in 1958 will establish his career
as one of the premier soul singers in the United States.
Among Charles's achievements will be twelve Grammys. In
1979, he will be one of the first musicians born in the
state to be inducted into the Georgia State Music Hall of
Fame. His version of "Georgia On My Mind" will also be made
the official state song for Georgia. In 1981, he will be
given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and will be one
of the first inductees to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame at
its inaugural ceremony in 1986. He will also receive the
Kennedy Center Honors in 1986. In 1987, he will be awarded
the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1991, he will be
inducted to the Rhythm & Blues Foundation, and be presented
with the George and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical
Achievement during the 1991 UCLA Spring Sing. In 1993, he will
be awarded the National Medal of Arts. In 1998, he will be
awarded the Polar Music Prize together with Ravi Shankar in
Stockholm, Sweden. In 2004, he will be inducted to the National
Black Sports & Entertainment Hall of Fame. The Grammy Awards of
2005 were dedicated to Charles. In 2003, Charles will be
awarded an honorary degree by Dillard University, and upon his
transition, he will endow a professorship of African American
culinary history at the school, the first such chair in the
nation. He will join the ancestors on June 10, 2004 after
succumbing to liver disease. A $20 million performing arts
center at Morehouse College will be named after him and will be
dedicated in September, 2010. The United States Postal Service
will issue a forever stamp honoring him as part of it Musical
Icons series on September 23, 2013.
1952 - Jersey Joe Walcott, loses his heavyweight title in the
13th round, to Rocky Marciano, in Philadelphia
Pennsylvania. Pay Television for sporting events begins
with the Marciano-Walcott fight, coast to coast, in 49
theatres in 31 cities.
1954 - Playwright George Costello Wolfe is born in Frankfort,
Kentucky. He will become critically acclaimed for the
controversial plays, "The Colored Museum", "Jelly's Last
Jam", and "Spunk". He will win a Tony Award in 1993 for
directing 'Angels in America: Millennium Approaches' and
another Tony Award in 1996 for his direction of the musical
'Bring in 'da Noise/Bring in 'da Funk.' He will serve as
Artistic Director of The Public Theatre from 1993 until 2004.
1957 - Nine African American students, who had entered Little
Rock Central High School in Arkansas, are forced to leave
because of a white mob outside.
1961 - President Kennedy names Thurgood Marshall to the United
States Circuit Court of Appeals.
1962 - Los Angeles Dodger, Maury Wills, steals record setting
base #97 on his way to 104.
1979 - Lou Brock steals record 935th base and becomes the all-
time major league record holder.
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