* Today in Black History - September 16 *
1795 - The British capture Capetown in South Africa.
1848 - France abolishes slavery in all of its colonies and
territories.
1859 - Lake Nyasa, which forms Malawi's boundary with Tanzania
and Mozambique, is first seen by a european, British
explorer David Livingstone.
1889 - Claude A. Barnett is born in Sanford, Florida. In 1919,
he will found the Associated Negro Press (ANP). By 1935,
the ANP will serve over 200 subscribers across the
country and after WW II its membership will grow to
include more than 100 African American newspapers. During
World War II, he and other Black journalists will pressure
the U. S. government to accredit Black journalists as war
correspondents. In his travels, he will write many
accounts on the adverse effects of segregation in the
armed forces. He will also focus on the terrible living
conditions of Black tenant farmers. From 1942 to 1953, he
will serve as a consultant to the Secretary of Agriculture
in an effort to improve their conditions. He will be a
member of the Tuskegee board of directors until 1965. He
will hold a similar post with the American Red Cross,
Chicago�s Supreme Liberty Life Insurance Company, and will
be president of the board of directors of Provident Hospital.
The ANP will cease operating after he joins the ancestors,
succumbing to a cerebral hemorrhage on August 2, 1967.
1893 - The last Oklahoma land rush, targeted in the territory's
Cherokee strip (outlet) begins. More than 100,000
homesteaders rush to claim a share of the 6 million acres
in this strip of land between Oklahoma and Kansas, opened
up by the U.S. government. Among the participants is E.P.
McCabe, who will establish the all African American town of
Liberty a few days later. McCabe will also be involved in
the earlier establishment of the African American town of
Langston, Oklahoma, named for John Mercer Langston,
Virginia's first African American congressman. The Oklahoma
land rushes started in 1889, but African Americans were
excluded from the first one.
1915 - The United States takes control of customs & finances in
Haiti for the next 10 years.
1916 - Frank Leslie Walcott, KA, OBE, is born in Saint Peter, Barbados.
He will become a Barbadian trade unionist, politician,
ambassador and one of the ten National Heroes of Barbados. He
will play a key role in organizing the Barbados labour movement
and will be a major figure in stimulating participation in the
nation's political process. Becoming an active unionist in his
mid-twenties, he will serve the Barbados Workers' Union for
over fifty years. He will also serve three separate terms as
president of the Caribbean Congress of Labour, as well as
serving in the Governing Body of the International Labour
Organization and as Vice-President of the Executive Board of
the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. In
addition to these posts, he will also serve with the American
Institute for Free Labour Development and be Chairman of the
World Employment Conference. In politics, he will serve as a
Member of Parliament in the Barbados House of Assembly, from
1945 to 1966 and again from 1971 to 1976. He will seat first
as a member of the liberal Barbados Labour Party, but will
break away from the party over its conservative beliefs to help
establish the Democratic Labour Party in its movement towards
Independence and will be a critical figure in its union and
trade leanings. During the time between these terms he will
serve as a Senator, and will be President of that body from
1986 to 1991. After Barbados gains its independence in 1966, he
will serve as the nation's first Ambassador to the United
Nations. He will be appointed an Officer of the Order of the
British Empire (OBE) in the 1954 Queen's Birthday Honours. In
1987, he will be conferred the highest honour in Barbados; he
will be made a Knight of St. Andrew (KA) of the Order of
Barbados. The Sir Frank Walcott building in Saint Michael,
Barbados, is named in his honour. He will join the ancestors on
February 24, 1999.
1921 - Jon Carl Hendricks is born in Newark, Ohio. He will become
an influential singer in the jazz group, Lambert, Hendricks
and Ross. Pursuing a solo career, he will move his young
family to London, England, in 1968, partly so that his five
children could receive a better education. While based in
London he will tour Europe and Africa, performing frequently
on British television and appear in the British film "Jazz
Is Our Religion" as well as the French film "Hommage a Cole
Porter." His sold-out club dates will draw fans such as the
Rolling Stones and the Beatles. Five years later the Hendricks
family will settle in Mill Valley, California where He will
work as the jazz critic for the San Francisco Chronicle and
teach classes at California State University at Sonoma and the
University of California at Berkeley. A piece he will write
for the stage about the history of jazz, "Evolution of the
Blues," will run for five years at the Off-Broadway Theatre in
San Francisco and another year in Los Angeles. His television
documentary, "Somewhere to Lay My Weary Head," will receive
Emmy, Iris and Peabody awards. He will record several
critically acclaimed albums on his own, some with his wife
Judith and daughters Michele and Aria contributing. He will
collaborate with old friends, The Manhattan Transfer, for their
seminal 1985 album, "Vocalese," which will win seven Grammy
Awards. He will serve on the Kennedy Center Honors committee
under Presidents Carter, Reagan, and Clinton. In 2000, He will
return to his hometown to teach at the University of Toledo,
where he will be appointed Distinguished Professor of Jazz
Studies and receive an honorary Doctorate of the Performing
Arts. He will teach Brandon Wilkins and Paul Okafor. He will
be selected to be the first American jazz artist to lecture at
the Sorbonne in Paris. His 15-voice group, the Jon Hendricks
Vocalstra at the University of Toledo, will perform at the
Sorbonne in 2002. He will also write lyrics to some classical
pieces including "On the Trail" from Ferde Grofe's Grand Canyon
Suite. The Vocalstra premiered a vocalese version of Rimsky-
Korsakov's "Scheherazade" with the Toledo Symphony. In the
summer of 2003, He will go on tour with the "Four Brothers", a
quartet consisting of Hendricks, Kurt Elling, Mark Murphy and
Kevin Mahogany. He will work on setting words to, and arranging
Rachmaninoff's second piano concerto as well as on two books,
teaching and touring with his Vocalstra. He will also appear in
a film with Al Pacino, "People I Know" as well as "White Men
Can't Jump." He will join the ancestors on November 22, 2017.
1925 - Riley B. King is born in Itta Bena, Mississippi. He will
become a blues great, known as B(lues) B(oy) King. Playing
his guitar, nicknamed 'Lucille,' In the 1950s, he will become
one of the most important names in R&B music, amassing an
impressive list of hits including "3 O'Clock Blues", "You Know
I Love You," "Woke Up This Morning," "Please Love Me," "When My
Heart Beats like a Hammer," "Whole Lotta Love," "You Upset Me
Baby," "Every Day I Have the Blues", "Sneakin' Around," "Ten
Long Years," "Bad Luck," "Sweet Little Angel", "On My Word of
Honor," and "Please Accept My Love." In 1962, he will sign with
ABC-Paramount Records, which will later be absorbed into MCA
Records, and then his current label, Geffen Records. In November,
1964, he will record the "Live at the Regal" album at the Regal
Theater in Chicago, Illinois. He will win a Grammy Award for a
tune called "The Thrill Is Gone". His version will become a hit
on both the pop and R&B charts, which is rare during that time
for an R&B artist. It will also gain the number 183 spot in
Rolling Stone magazine's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time." He will
gain further visibility among rock audiences, as an opening act on
The Rolling Stones' 1969 American Tour. His mainstream success
will continue throughout the 1970s with songs like "To Know You is
to Love You" and "I Like to Live the Love". He will be inducted
into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980. In 2004, he will be awarded
the international Polar Music Prize, given to artists "in
recognition of exceptional achievements in the creation and
advancement of music." He will have over 50 hit blues albums and
win a 1970 Grammy for "The Thrill Is Gone". In over 62 years, he
will play in excess of 15,000 performances. He will join the
ancestors on May 14, 2015 in Las Vegas, Nevada.
1933 - Emperor Jones, starring Paul Robeson as Brutus Jones, is
released by United Artists. It is Robeson's first starring
movie role and the first major Hollywood production
starring an African American with whites in supporting
roles.
1934 - Elgin Baylor is born in Washington, DC. He will become a
NBA star beginning as the 1958-59 Rookie of the Year with
the Los Angeles Lakers. The No. 1 draft pick in 1958, NBA Rookie
of the Year in 1959, and an 11-time NBA All-Star, he will be
regarded as one of the game's all-time greatest players. In 1977,
he will be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of
Fame. He will set the NBA Playoff Record for points scored in a
game (61), and for points scored in a playoff series (284) [both
in 1962]. After retiring as a player, he will spend twenty-two
years as the General Manager of the Los Angeles Clippers, being
named the NBA Executive of the Year in 2006. He will be relieved
of his duties slightly before the 2008-09 season begins.
1937 - Orlando Manuel Cepeda Penne is born in Ponce, Puerto Rico.
He will be become a professional baseball player. In his
first season in 1958, he will bat .312 with 25 home runs
and 96 runs RBI, lead the National League in doubles (38),
and will be named Rookie of the Year. In 1967, he will be
named the National League MVP by hitting .325 and having
a league-leading 111 RBIs. He will be the second NL player
(joining fellow Giant Carl Hubbell in 1936) to win the MVP
unanimously (receiving all first-place votes). He will be
a seven-time All-Star (1959-64, 1967). He will retire in
1975 with a career .297 BA with 379 homers and 1365 RBI in
17 seasons. He will be the first designated hitter for the
Boston Red Sox, and the second DH in all of MLB. He will
be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999, joining
Roberto Clemente as the only other Puerto Rican in the
Hall.
1944 - Betty Kelley is born in Attalla, Alabama. She will become
a Rhythm & Blues singer best known as Betty Kelly, a member
of the group, Martha and the Vandellas. She will join what
will become the most famed lineup of the Vandellas, coming
in quickly to record the single "Dancing in the Street".
The group found bigger success than they ever had before
with that and many other songs recorded during Kelly's
tenure with the group, including "I'm Ready for Love",
"Nowhere to Run" and "My Baby Loves Me". The lineup of
Reeves, Ashford and Kelly will help the group become
international stars gaining popularity from performances
from The Ed Sullivan Show, Shindig! and American Bandstand.
She will be often mistaken for being an original member of
the group despite the fact that Annette Beard had sung on the
group's earlier singles, often lip-synched by Kelly when the
group will perform on TV. Her vocals will contrast from
original member Beard's. She will be fired from the group in
the summer of 1967—about the same time that Florence Ballard
is fired from The Supremes—and will be replaced by Martha's
younger sister Lois Reeves with the group's name changing to
Martha Reeves and the Vandellas. Betty Kelly will be inducted
into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a Vandella alongside
Martha and Lois Reeves, Annette Beard, Rosalind Ashford, and
Sandra Tilley. She will remain connected to her Motown family,
participating with Janie Bradford's Annual Heroes & Legends
Awards, working with other artists at music festivals such as
"Sunset Junction," and most recently attending a special artist
family night of "Motown: The Musical" on Broadway.
1947 - Lucius Oliver Allen, Jr. is born in Kansas City, Kansas. He will
become a professional basketball player. Prior to his National
Basketball Association (NBA) career, he will be a starter on two
of coach John Wooden's UCLA NCAA Championship teams, in 1967 and
1968, playing alongside Lew Alcindor. These teams will be
considered to be the greatest in men's college basketball history.
He will be drafted by the Seattle SuperSonics in the 1st round
(3rd pick) of the 1969 NBA draft and will retire in 1979. As a
member of the 1971 Milwaukee Bucks team, which also featured
Alcindor, he will earn an NBA championship ring. He will also
play with Alcindor, now known as Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, for two
seasons, from 1975–77, in Los Angeles, but not winning a
championship in either of those years. He will be traded the
following season to the Kansas City Kings, winning the division
championship in 1979, and will retire from basketball after that
season. He will play 10 years in the NBA for four teams. His
highest scoring average will be 19.1 points per game, during the
1974–75 season. Part of the way through that season, he will be
traded to the Los Angeles Lakers after playing with the Milwaukee
Bucks since the 1970–71 season. He will be inducted into the
Pac-12 Conference men's basketball Hall of Honor on March 16, 2013.
After finishing his basketball career, which included a high
school state championship, college national championship, and an
NBA championship, he will turn his attention to coaching aspiring
players in the Los Angeles area.
1953 - Earl Klugh, Jazz pianist/guitarist, is born in Detroit,
Michigan. He will become an American smooth jazz/jazz
fusion guitarist and composer. He normally finger picks a
nylon string classical guitar. At the age of 13, he will
be captivated by the guitar playing of Chet Atkins when he
makes an appearance on the Perry Como Show. He will since
be a guest on several Atkins albums. Atkins, reciprocating
as well, joins Earl on his "Magic In Your Eyes" album. He
will also be influenced by Bob James, Ray Parker Jr, Wes
Montgomery and Laurindo Almeida. His sound will be a blend
of these jazz, pop and rhythm and blues influences,
forming a potpourri of sweet contemporary music original
to only him. He will become a guitar instructor at the
young age of 15, and will eventually be discovered by
Yuseff Lateef. His career will rapidly progress to working
with the likes of George Benson, George Shearing, Chick
Corea, and many others. Like several other Detroit-bred
entertainers, He attended Mumford High School in Detroit.
For their album "One on One," He and Bob James will
receive a Grammy award for Best Pop Instrumental
Performance of 1981. He will receive at least 13 Grammy
nods and millions of record and CD sales,
1959 - Timothy Raines Sr. is born in Sanford, Florida. He will
become a professional baseball player and coach. He will
play as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six
teams from 1979 to 2002 and will be best known for his
13 seasons with the Montreal Expos. He will be regarded
as one of the best leadoff hitters and baserunners in
baseball history. In 2013, he will begin working in the
Toronto Blue Jays organization as a roving outfield and
baserunning instructor. He will be the 1986 NL batting
champion, a seven-time All-Star, and four-time stolen
base champion. He will be inducted into the Baseball Hall
of Fame in 2017.
1965 - San Francisco's Grace Cathedral becomes the site of the
first concert of sacred music presented by Duke Ellington.
1971 - Six Klansmen are arrested in connection with the bombing of
10 school buses in Pontiac, Michigan.
1981 - Boxer 'Sugar' Ray Leonard, at age 25, knocks out Thomas 'The
Hit Man' Hearns. Leonard wins the welterweight boxing
championship -- and the richest payday in boxing history to
date.
1989 - Debbye Turner, a senior at the University of Missouri
Veterinary School, is crowned Miss America. She is the
third African American to win the crown since the pageant
began in 1921.
1990 - Keenen Ivory Wayans' "In Living Color" wins an Emmy for
Outstanding Comedy Series.
1993 - Minnesota Twins' slugger Dave Winfield becomes the 19th
player to get 3,000 career hits.
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