* Today in Black History - September 18 *
1850 - Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Act, a part of the
Compromise of 1850, which allows slave owners to reclaim
slaves who had escaped to other states. The act also
offers federal officers a fee for captured slaves.
1895 - Booker T. Washington makes a speech at the Cotton States
and International Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia. Known
as the "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Washington advocates
acceptance of a subordinate role for African Americans,
espouses peaceful coexistence with white Southerners,
and calls agitation over the question of social equality
"the extremist folly." The speech, which reportedly
leaves some African American listeners in tears and will
incur the wrath of W.E.B. Du Bois and others, secures
Washington's reputation among whites as a successor to
Frederick Douglass.
1905 - Edmund Lincoln "Eddie" Anderson is born in Oakland, California.
He will get his start in show business as a teenager on the
vaudeville circuit. In the early 1930s, he will transition
into films and radio. In 1937, he will begin his most famous
role of Rochester van Jones, usually known simply as
"Rochester", the valet of Jack Benny, on his radio show, "The
Jack Benny Program." He will become the first African American
to have a regular role on a nationwide radio program. When the
series moves to television, he will continue in the role until
the series' end in 1965. After the series ends, he will remain
active with guest starring roles on television and voice work
in animated series. He will also be an avid horse-racing fan
owning several race horses and working as a horse trainer at
the Hollywood Park Racetrack. He will join the ancestors on
February 28, 1977, succumbing to heart disease at the age of 71.
1945 - 1000 white students walk out of three Gary, Indiana schools to
protest integration. There were similar disturbances in Chicago,
Illinois and other Northern and Western metropolitan areas.
1948 - Dr. Ralph J. Bunche is confirmed by the United Nations Security
Council as acting United Nations' mediator in Palestine.
1951 - Dr. Benjamin Solomon Carson, Sr., neurosurgeon, is born in
Detroit, Michigan. He will graduate from the University of
Michigan Medical School in 1977 and will become the first African
American neurosurgery resident at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in
Baltimore, Maryland. He will receive the American Black
Achievement Award from Ebony and the Paul Harris Fellow Award from
Rotary International. He will become best known for his separation
of Siamese twins in 1989. In 2001, he will be elected by the
Library of Congress on the occasion of its 200th anniversary to be
one of the 89 who earned the designation, Library of Congress
Living Legend. In 2008, he will be awarded the Presidential Medal
of Freedom by President George W. Bush. He will retire from
practicing medicine on July 1, 2013. After delivering a widely
publicized speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast, he
will become a popular conservative figure in political media
for his views on social and political issues. He will join the
Republican Party on November 4, 2014, the day the 2014 midterms
take place, as "truly a pragmatic move" because he is considering
running for president in 2016. On May 3, 2015, he will confirm his
candidacy for President in an interview with a local television
station in Cincinnati, Ohio. He will officially announce that he
will run for the Republican nomination in the 2016 Presidential
election at a rally in Detroit, his hometown, on May 4, 2015. On
March 2, 2016, following the Super Tuesday primaries, he will
announce that he does "not see a political path forward" and will
not attend the next Republican debate in Detroit. He will say, "this
grassroots movement on behalf of 'We the People' will continue,"
indicating that he will give more details later in the week. He will
suspend his campaign on March 4 and announced he will be the new
national chairman of My Faith Votes, a group that encourages
Christians to exercise their civic duty to vote. On March 11, 2016,
he will endorse the candidacy of Donald Trump and at the press
conference will state that Trump, known for his outspokenness, has a
"cerebral" side. After Trump is elected president, he will be
appointed Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
1962 - Rwanda, Burundi, Jamaica & Trinidad-Tobago are admitted
(105th-108th countries) to the United Nations.
1964 - Holly Elizabeth Robinson (later Peete) is born in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. She will become an actress, model and singer.
She will be best known for her roles as Judy Hoffs on the Fox
TV police drama '21 Jump Street,' Vanessa Russell on the ABC
sitcom 'Hangin' with Mr. Cooper,' and Dr. Malena Ellis on the
NBC/WB sitcom 'For Your Love.' After graduating from high
school, she will enter Sarah Lawrence College in New York. She
will major in psychology and French, and will speak four
languages. During her time as an undergraduate, she will spend
a year abroad at the Sorbonne in Paris, France. After graduation
in 1986, she will consider attending graduate school and perhaps
working in languages for the U.S. State Department. However, her
love of acting will contribute to her decision to give an acting
career a chance for a few months first. Within a short time, she
found roles on a television series and in two films, and thoughts
of graduate school were left behind. Her children's book, 'My
Brother Charlie,' will win her an NAACP Image Award for
"Outstanding Literary Work" in March 2011. It will be announced
in March 2015 that she and her family will be starring in a new
reality series, entitled 'For Pete Sake.' The series will
document their everyday lives as a family.
1967 - Ricardo 'Ricky' Bell is born in the Roxbury section of Boston,
Massachusetts. He will become best known as one of the founding
members of 'New Edition,' along with Michael Bivins, Bobby Brown,
Ralph Tresvant, and Ronnie DeVoe. The group will begin a career
in 1983, that will span twenty five years. After the departure of
Bobby Brown, Johnny Gill will join the group. After recording
the 'Heartbreak' album, he will be given the chance to be a solo
artist but will opt instead to form the group 'Bell Biv DeVoe.'
Bell Biv Devoe's 1990 debut will established him as a lead singer
capable of chart topping success. With Bell Biv DeVoe and New
Edition, he will have over two dozen television and film
performances including 'Knight Rider,' 'The Fresh Prince of Bel
Air,' 'New York Undercover,' 'Family Matters,' the movie 'Krush
Groove,' and numerous music, variety, and awards programs. As a
solo artist, he will release the album, 'Ricardo Campana,' in
2000. In 2008, he, as a member of New Edition, will be the
recipient of the Golden Note Award at ASCAP's 21st Annual Rhythm
& Soul Music Awards and will be celebrating the 25th Anniversary
of the group.
1970 - Rock guitarist Jimi (James Marshall) Hendrix joins the
ancestors at age 27 after aspirating on his own vomit
in London. Contrary to many news accounts, he did not
succumb to a drug overdose. No trace of drugs was found
in his body. A self-taught musician who blended rock,
jazz, and blues with British avant-garde rock, Hendrix
redefined the use of the electric guitar. His musical
career deeply influenced modern musicians. His songs,
"Purple Haze" and "Foxy Lady" will become anthems for a
generation at war in Vietnam.
1972 - Art Williams becomes the first African American National
League umpire (Los Angeles vs. San Diego).
1980 - Cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo-Mendez, a Cuban, becomes the
first person of African descent sent on a mission in
space (Soyuz 38).
1990 - Atlanta, Georgia is selected as the site of the XXV
Olympiad Summer Games. Mayor Maynard H. Jackson says
the 1996 Summer Games will be the "single biggest
continuous infusion of economic development to Atlanta
in the history of the city under any circumstances."
It is the second time the city to host the games, is
led by an African American mayor.
1999 - Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs becomes the first player
in major league baseball history to reach 60 homers in
a season twice.
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