* Today in Black History - September 28 *
1785 - David Walker is born free in Wilmington, North Carolina.
He will become an outspoken African American abolitionist
and anti-slavery activist. In 1829, while living in Boston,
Massachusetts, he will publish "An Appeal to the Coloured
Citizens of the World," a call for black unity and self-
help in the fight against oppression and injustice. The
work will bring attention to the abuses and inequities of
slavery and the role of individuals to act responsibly for
racial equality, according to religious and political
tenets. At the time, some people will be outraged and
fearful of the reaction that the pamphlet would have. Many
abolitionists will believe the views are extreme. Historians
and liberation theologians cite the Appeal as an influential
political and social document of the 19th century. He will
exert a radicalizing influence on the abolitionist movements
of his day and inspire future black leaders and activists.
He will join the ancestors on August 6, 1830 in Boston,
Massachusetts. Note: Historians disagree on David Walker's
date of birth. We choose to use the date of birth cited by
the Cape Fear Historical Institute in Wilmington, North
Carolina.
1829 - "Walker's Appeal (To the Coloured Citizens of the World),"
a racial antislavery pamphlet, is published in Boston,
Massachusetts, by David Walker.
1833 - Lemuel Haynes, Revolutionary War veteran and first African
American to be ordained by the Congregational Church,
joins the ancestors at the age of 80.
1912 - W.C. Handy's ground-breaking "Memphis Blues" is published
in Memphis, Tennessee. The composition was originally
entitled "Mr. Crump" and was written for the 1909
political campaign of Edward H. "Boss" Crump.
1938 - Benjamin Earl "Ben E." King is born in Henderson, North
Carolina. He will become a rhythm and blues singer and
will be best known for his song, "Stand By Me."
1941 - Charles Robert "Charley" Taylor is born in Grand Prairie,
Texas. He will become a NFL wide receiver/running back with
the Washington Redskins. He will be inducted into the Pro
Football Hall of Fame in 1984.
1945 - Todd Duncan debuts with the New York City Opera as Tonio
in Il Pagliacci. He is the first African American to
sing a leading role with a major American company, almost
ten years before Marian Anderson sings with the
Metropolitan Opera.
1961 - Ossie Davis's "Purlie Victorious" opens on Broadway. The
play stars Davis, Ruby Dee, Godfrey Cambridge, Alan Alda,
and Beah Richards.
1961 - Atlanta's segregated restaurants and other public
facilities are peacefully integrated, part of a plan
adopted by city officials earlier in the year.
1967 - Walter Washington takes office as the first mayor of the
District of Columbia.
1972 - The Secretary of the Army repeals the dishonorable
discharges of 167 soldiers involved in the Brownsville
(Texas) Raid. The soldiers, members of the 25th Infantry
who were involved in a riot with the city's police and
merchants, were dishonorably discharged by President
Theodore Roosevelt without a trial.
1976 - Muhammad Ali retains the heavyweight boxing championship
in a close 15-round decision over Ken Norton at Yankee
Stadium.
1979 - Larry Holmes retains the heavyweight boxing championship
by knocking out Ernie Shavers in 11 rounds.
1981 - Joseph Paul Franklin, avowed racist, is sentenced to life
in prison for killing 2 African American joggers in Salt
Lake City, Utah.
1987 - The National Museum of African Art, now a part of the
Smithsonian Institution, opens on the National Mall in
Washington, DC. Founded by Warren M. Robbins in 1964 as
a private educational institution, it is the only museum
in the United States devoted exclusively to the
collection, study, and exhibition of the art of sub-
Saharan Africa.
1990 - Marvin Gaye gets a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame.
1991 - Miles Davis, jazz musician, joins the ancestors at the age
of 65 from pneumonia.
2003 - Althea Gibson, pioneering tennis player, joins the
ancestors at the age of 76 after succumbing to
respiratory failure. She was the first African American
woman to win the Wimbledon championship and was also a
professional golfer.
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