* Today in Black History - January 1 *
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* The Nguzo Saba - The seven principles of Kwanzaa - Principle for *
* Day #7 - Imani (ee-MAH-nee) Faith: To believe with all our hearts *
* in our parents, our teachers, our leaders, our people and the *
* righteousness and victory of our struggle. *
* http://www.endarkenment.com/kwanzaa/ *
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1788 - The Quakers in Pennsylvania emancipate their slaves.
1804 - Haiti achieves independence from France.
1808 - The slave trade is outlawed in the United States. This stopped
the legal importation of African slaves, but did not stop
domestic trading in slaves.
1831 - William Lloyd Garrison publishes the first issue of "The
Liberator" in Boston, Massachusetts. The newspaper will become
a major influence in the movement to abolish slavery in the
United States.
1856 - Bridget "Biddy" Mason and her children are granted their freedom
by the California courts. After gaining her freedom, she will
move to Los Angeles, where she will become a major landowner and
be known for her philanthropy to the poor.
1863 - President Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation,
declaring freedom for slaves living in the states that joined
the rebellion that will become known as the Civil War.
1900 - The British protectorates of Northern & Southern Nigeria are
established.
1916 - The first issue of the "Journal of Negro History" is published
with Carter G. Woodson as editor.
1917 - Ulysses Simpson Kay is born in Tucson, Arizona. He will become
a classical composer and one of the first American composers
to travel to the Soviet Union. He will be known for his works
for orchestra, piano, and chamber ensemble.
1956 - Sudan becomes independent.
1959 - Chad becomes an autonomous republic within the French Community.
1960 - Cameroon gains independence from France.
1962 - Rwanda is granted internal self-government by Belgium.
1964 - The Federation of Rhodesia & Nyasaland is dissolved.
1973 - The West African Economic Community is formed with Benin, Ivory
Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, and Upper Volta as
members.
1986 - Aruba becomes an independent part of Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1990 - David Dinkins is sworn in as first African American mayor of
New York City.
2005 - Shirley Chisholm, an advocate for minority rights who became the
first African American woman elected to Congress and later the
first African American to seek a major party's nomination for
the U.S. presidency, joins the ancestors at the age of 80. The
Rev. Jesse Jackson calls her a "woman of great courage."
2009 - South African anti-apartheid activist Helen Suzman, who won
international acclaim as one of the few white lawmakers to fight
against the injustices of racist rule, dies at the age of 91.
Suzman, who was twice nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, fought
a long and lonely battle in the South African parliament against
government repression of the country's Black majority and the
imprisonment of Nelson Mandela.
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