* Today in Black History - December 4 *
1783 - George Washington's farewell address to his troops is
held at Fraunces Tavern in New York City. The tavern
is owned by Samuel "Black Sam" Fraunces, a wealthy
West Indian of African and French descent who aided
Revolutionary forces with food and money.
1806 - Thomas Paul is selected to become the first minister at
the African Meeting House in Boston, Massachusetts. The
Meeting House will have its official dedication two days
later. He will serve as minister of the First African
Baptist Church until 1829.
1807 - Prince Hall, activist and Masonic leader, joins the
ancestors in Boston, Massachusetts.
1833 - The American Anti-Slavery Society is founded in
Philadelphia by James Barbados, Robert Purvis, James
McCrummell, James Forten, Jr., John B. Vashon and
others.
1895 - Fort Valley State College is established in Georgia.
1895 - The South Carolina Constitutional Convention adopted a
new constitution with "understanding clause" designed
to eliminate African American voters.
1899 - The Fifty-Sixth Congress convenes with only one African
American congressman, George H. White, from North
Carolina.
1906 - Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. is founded on the
campus of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York,
becoming the first African American Greek-letter
organization.
1909 - The New York "Amsterdam News" is founded by James
Anderson. Originally priced at two cents, it will grow
to a circulation of almost 35,000 by 1990.
1915 - The NAACP leads protest demonstrations against the
showing of the racist movie, "Birth of a Nation."
1915 - The Ku Klux Klan receives its charter from Fulton
County, Georgia Superior Court. The modern Klan will
spread to Alabama and other Southern states and reach
the height of its influence in the twenties. By 1924,
the organization will be strong in Oklahoma, Indiana,
California, Oregon, Indiana, and Ohio, and have an
estimated four million members.
1927 - President Coolidge commutes Marcus Garvey's sentence.
Garvey will be taken to New Orleans and deported to his
native Jamaica.
1927 - The NAACP's Spingarn Medal is awarded to Anthony Overton,
publisher, insurance executive and cosmetics manufacturer,
for his achievements as a businessman.
1927 - Duke Ellington's big band opens at the famed Cotton Club
in Harlem. It is the first appearance of the Duke's
new and larger group. He will play the club until 1932.
1943 - Professional baseball's commissioner Landis announces
that any club may sign Negroes to a playing contract.
1956 - Bernard King is born in Brooklyn, New York. He will become
a professional basketball player at the small forward
position in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He
will play 14 seasons with the New Jersey Nets, Utah Jazz,
Golden State Warriors, New York Knicks and the Washington
Bullets. He will be inducted into the Naismith Memorial
Basketball Hall of Fame on September 8, 2013.
1958 - Dahomey (Benin), and the Ivory Coast become autonomous
within the French Community of Nations.
1969 - The Pulitzer Prize for photography is awarded to Moneta
Sleet Jr. of Ebony magazine. He is the first African
American male cited by the Pulitzer committee.
1969 - Clarence Mitchell Jr., director of the Washington Bureau
of the NAACP, is awarded the Spingarn Medal "for the
pivotal role he....played in the enactment of civil
rights legislation."
1969 - Two Black Panther leaders, Fred Hampton (Illinois State
Chairman) and Mark Clark, join the ancestors after
being killed in a Chicago police raid. The two men are
shot while sleeping in their beds by 14 police officers.
About a hundred bullets had been fired in what police
described as a fierce gun battle with members of the
Black Panther Party, Fred Hampton is just 21 years old
and Mark Clark was 22.
1977 - Jean-Bedel Bokassa, ruler of the Central African Empire,
crowns himself.
1981 - According to South Africa, Ciskei gains independence,
but is not recognized as an independent country outside
South Africa.
1982 - Hershel Walker, a University of Georgia running back who
amassed an NCAA record of 5,097 yards in three seasons,
is named the Heisman Trophy winner. He is only the
seventh junior to win the award. He will go on to play
with the New Jersey Generals of the U.S. Football League
and the Minnesota Vikings and Dallas Cowboys in the NFL.
1990 - The Watts Health Foundation reports revenues in excess of
$100 million for the first year in its history.
Established in 1967, the Foundation grew from its initial
site on riot-torn 103rd Street to serve over 80,000
residents of the Greater Los Angeles area with its HMO,
United Health Plan, and its numerous community-based
programs. Led by CEO Dr. Clyde Oden, it is the largest
community-based health care system of its kind in the
nation.
1992 - United States troops land in the country of Somalia.
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